वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-28, verse-1

खरं तु विरथं रामो गदापाणिमवस्थितम् ।
मृदुपूर्वं महातेजाः परुषं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. kharaṃ tu virathaṃ rāmo gadāpāṇimavasthitam ,
mṛdupūrvaṃ mahātejāḥ paruṣaṃ vākyamabravīt.

1. kharam tu virathaṃ rāmaḥ gadāpāṇim avasthitam
mr̥dupūrvaṃ mahātejāḥ paruṣaṃ vākyam abravīt

1. tu mahātejāḥ rāmaḥ virathaṃ gadāpāṇim avasthitam
kharam mr̥dupūrvaṃ paruṣaṃ vākyam abravīt

1. Then, the greatly radiant Rāma addressed Khara, who was chariotless and stood with a mace in hand, first with gentle words, and then with harsh speech.

Words meanings summery:

• खरम् (kharam) - the demon Khara (Khara)

• तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, however, and)

• विरथं (virathaṁ) - (Khara) who was chariotless (without a chariot, chariotiess)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rama)

• गदापाणिम् (gadāpāṇim) - (Khara) holding a mace (mace in hand, holding a mace)

• अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - (Khara) who was standing (standing, situated, being)

• म्र्̥दुपूर्वं (mr̥dupūrvaṁ) - (speech) preceded by gentleness, first gently (preceded by softness, gentle first)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly radiant (Rāma) (greatly radiant, highly energetic)

• परुषं (paruṣaṁ) - harsh (speech) (harsh, rough, severe)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (word, speech, sentence)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Rāma) spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

खरम् (kharam) - the demon Khara (Khara)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (a demon's name), donkey, sharp, harsh

Note: Object of abravīt.

तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, however, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a shift or continuation.

विरथं (virathaṁ) - (Khara) who was chariotless (without a chariot, chariotiess)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariotless, deprived of a chariot

Compound with 'vi' (without)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Khara.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, incarnation of Vishnu)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

गदापाणिम् (gadāpāṇim) - (Khara) holding a mace (mace in hand, holding a mace)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gadāpāṇi

gadāpāṇi - mace in hand, holding a mace

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gadā+pāṇi)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Khara.

अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - (Khara) who was standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - stood, situated, being, existing

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root sthā (class 1) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Khara.

म्र्̥दुपूर्वं (mr̥dupūrvaṁ) - (speech) preceded by gentleness, first gently (preceded by softness, gentle first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mr̥dupūrva

mr̥dupūrva - preceded by gentleness, soft first

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛdu+pūrva)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
  adjective (neuter)
• pūrva – first, former, preceded by
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly radiant (Rāma) (greatly radiant, highly energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great brilliance, highly energetic, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• tejas – radiance, brilliance, energy, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Rāma.

परुषं (paruṣaṁ) - harsh (speech) (harsh, rough, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel

Note: Qualifies vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Rāma) spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

Imperfect active third person singular of root brū (class 2)

Root: brū (class 2)