वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-28, verse-17

विक्रान्ता बलवन्तो वा ये भवन्ति नरर्षभाः ।
कथयन्ति न ते किं चित्तेजसा स्वेन गर्विताः ॥१७॥

17. vikrāntā balavanto vā ye bhavanti nararṣabhāḥ ,
kathayanti na te kiṃ cittejasā svena garvitāḥ.

17. vikrāntāḥ balavantaḥ vā ye bhavanti nararṣabhāḥ
kathayanti na te kim cit tejasā svena garvitāḥ

17. ye nararṣabhāḥ vikrāntāḥ vā balavantaḥ bhavanti
te svena tejasā garvitāḥ kim cit na kathayanti

17. Those eminent men (nararṣabhāḥ) who are valiant or powerful, being proud of their own strength, do not boast anything.

Words meanings summery:

• विक्रान्ताः (vikrāntāḥ) - valiant, courageous, mighty

• बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - powerful, strong, mighty

• वा (vā) - or

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - eminent men (excellent men, best among men)

• कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they boast (they say, they tell, they relate)

• न (na) - not

• ते (te) - they

• किम् (kim) - anything (as part of 'kiṃ cit') (what, anything)

• चित् (cit) - part of 'anything' (kiṃ cit) (even, indeed, some)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by their strength (by prowess, by glory, by strength)

• स्वेन (svena) - by one's own

• गर्विताः (garvitāḥ) - proud, arrogant, boastful

Words meanings and morphology

विक्रान्ताः (vikrāntāḥ) - valiant, courageous, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikrānta

vikrānta - valiant, powerful, courageous, mighty, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root `kram` (to step, stride) with prefix `vi` (apart, intensifies).

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - powerful, strong, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous

Possessive suffix `matup` to `bala` (strength).

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

Note: Connects `vikrāntāḥ` and `balavantaḥ`.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

From root `bhū` (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - eminent men (excellent men, best among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - a bull among men, an excellent man, a chief of men

Tatpuruṣa compound: nara (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the clause.

कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they boast (they say, they tell, they relate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kath

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (often a denominative or causative verb)

From root `kath` (to tell), 10th class verb.

Root: kath (class 10)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb `kathayanti`.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

Note: Subject of `kathayanti`.

किम् (kim) - anything (as part of 'kiṃ cit') (what, anything)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative/indefinite pronoun/adverb.

चित् (cit) - part of 'anything' (kiṃ cit) (even, indeed, some)

(indeclinable)

Indefinite particle.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by their strength (by prowess, by glory, by strength)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - sharpness, vigor, power, strength, glory, spiritual energy, light, fire

Neuter s-stem noun. From root `tij` (to be sharp).

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause of their pride.

स्वेन (svena) - by one's own

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Reflective possessive pronoun/adjective.

Note: Agrees with `tejasā`.

गर्विताः (garvitāḥ) - proud, arrogant, boastful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garvita

garvita - proud, arrogant, boastful, conceited

Past Passive Participle

From root `garv` (to be proud, boast).

Root: garv (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially in the context, meaning 'being proud'.

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