वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-28, verse-2

गजाश्वरथसंबाधे बले महति तिष्ठता ।
कृतं सुदारुणं कर्म सर्वलोकजुगुप्सितम् ॥२॥

2. gajāśvarathasaṃbādhe bale mahati tiṣṭhatā ,
kṛtaṃ sudāruṇaṃ karma sarvalokajugupsitam.

2. gajāśvarathasaṃbādhe bale mahati tiṣṭhatā
kṛtam sudāruṇam karma sarvalokajugupsitam

2. tiṣṭhatā mahati gajāśvarathasaṃbādhe bale
sudāruṇam sarvalokajugupsitam karma kṛtam

2. While standing amidst a vast army, crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots, an extremely cruel act (karma) was performed, which is detested by all people.

Words meanings summery:

• गजाश्वरथसंबाधे (gajāśvarathasaṁbādhe) - in the army crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots (in the one crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots; in the one obstructed by elephants, horses, and chariots)

• बले (bale) - in the army (in the army, in the force, in the strength)

• महति (mahati) - in the mighty (in the great, in the mighty)

• तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one standing (by one standing, by him who stands/resides)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was done (done, performed, made)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - extremely cruel (extremely cruel, very terrible, very harsh)

• कर्म (karma) - deed, act (karma) (deed, action, work, fate, ritual (karma))

• सर्वलोकजुगुप्सितम् (sarvalokajugupsitam) - detested by all people (detested by all people, abominable to all worlds)

Words meanings and morphology

गजाश्वरथसंबाधे (gajāśvarathasaṁbādhe) - in the army crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots (in the one crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots; in the one obstructed by elephants, horses, and chariots)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gajāśvarathasaṃbādha

gajāśvarathasaṁbādha - crowded/obstructed by elephants, horses, and chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+aśva+ratha+saṃbādha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rah (class 1)
• saṃbādha – crowded, obstructed, oppressed, narrow space
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'badh' with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: badh (class 1)

बले (bale) - in the army (in the army, in the force, in the strength)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, host

Root: bal (class 1)

महति (mahati) - in the mighty (in the great, in the mighty)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Agrees with 'bale' (neuter, singular, locative).

तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one standing (by one standing, by him who stands/resides)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, staying, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent of 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was done (done, performed, made)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - extremely cruel (extremely cruel, very terrible, very harsh)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly cruel, extremely harsh

Compound of 'su' (prefix for 'very'/'excellent') and 'dāruṇa' (terrible, cruel).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, greatly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, frightful, terrible, cruel, harsh
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from 'dāru' (wood, hard) + 'uṇa' suffix, implying hardness or harshness.
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - deed, act (karma) (deed, action, work, fate, ritual (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of action

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtam'.

सर्वलोकजुगुप्सितम् (sarvalokajugupsitam) - detested by all people (detested by all people, abominable to all worlds)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarvalokajugupsita

sarvalokajugupsita - detested by all people/worlds

Compound of 'sarvaloka' and 'jugupsita'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarvaloka+jugupsita)

• sarvaloka – all people, all worlds
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'loka' (world/people).
• jugupsita – disgusted, detested, censured, blamed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From desiderative stem of 'gup' (to protect/hide), meaning 'to abhor, detest'.
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

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