वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-4

अमी रुधिरधारास्तु विसृजन्तः खरस्वनान् ।
व्योम्नि मेघा विवर्तन्ते परुषा गर्दभारुणाः ॥४॥

4. amī rudhiradhārāstu visṛjantaḥ kharasvanān ,
vyomni meghā vivartante paruṣā gardabhāruṇāḥ.

4. amī rudhiradhārāḥ tu visṛjantaḥ kharasvanān
vyomni meghāḥ vivartante paruṣāḥ gardabhaaruṇāḥ

4. tu amī meghāḥ vyomni kharasvanān visṛjantaḥ
rudhiradhārāḥ paruṣāḥ gardabhaaruṇāḥ vivartante

4. Indeed, these clouds (meghāḥ) are rolling in the sky, emitting harsh sounds, appearing like streams of blood, and are harsh and donkey-red in color.

Words meanings summery:

• अमी (amī) - these

• रुधिरधाराः (rudhiradhārāḥ) - streams of blood

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• विसृजन्तः (visṛjantaḥ) - releasing, emitting, discharging

• खरस्वनान् (kharasvanān) - harsh sounds, loud cries

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• विवर्तन्ते (vivartante) - are rolling, are turning, are moving

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

• गर्दभअरुणाः (gardabhaaruṇāḥ) - donkey-colored, reddish-brown like a donkey

Words meanings and morphology

अमी (amī) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adas

adas - that, those, this, these

रुधिरधाराः (rudhiradhārāḥ) - streams of blood

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rudhiradhārā

rudhiradhārā - stream of blood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudhira+dhārā)

• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
• dhārā – stream, flow
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

विसृजन्तः (visṛjantaḥ) - releasing, emitting, discharging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of visṛjat

visṛjat - emitting, letting go, discharging

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root sṛj with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

खरस्वनान् (kharasvanān) - harsh sounds, loud cries

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kharasvana

kharasvana - harsh sound, loud cry

Compound type : karmadhāraya (khara+svana)

• khara – harsh, sharp, cruel
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Derived from root mih (to spray, moisten)

Root: mih (class 1)

विवर्तन्ते (vivartante) - are rolling, are turning, are moving

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel

गर्दभअरुणाः (gardabhaaruṇāḥ) - donkey-colored, reddish-brown like a donkey

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gardabhaaruṇa

gardabhaaruṇa - reddish like a donkey, donkey-colored

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gardabha+aruṇa)

• gardabha – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)
• aruṇa – red, reddish, dawn
  adjective

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