वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-15

सा तेनाग्निनिकाशेन कवचेन विभूषितः ।
बभूव रामस्तिमिरे विधूमो ऽग्निरिवोत्थितः ॥१५॥

15. sā tenāgninikāśena kavacena vibhūṣitaḥ ,
babhūva rāmastimire vidhūmo'gnirivotthitaḥ.

15. saḥ tena agninikāśena kavacena vibhūṣitaḥ
babhūva rāmaḥ timire vidhūmaḥ agniḥ iva utthitaḥ

15. tena agninikāśena kavacena vibhūṣitaḥ saḥ rāmaḥ
timire utthitaḥ vidhūmaḥ agniḥ iva babhūva

15. Adorned with that fire-resembling armor, Rama appeared in the darkness like a smokeless fire that has flared up.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by that (armor) (by that, with that)

• अग्निनिकाशेन (agninikāśena) - fire-like, fire-resembling

• कवचेन (kavacena) - by the armor

• विभूषितः (vibhūṣitaḥ) - adorned, embellished, decorated

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Prince Rama, son of Dasaratha (Rama)

• तिमिरे (timire) - in darkness, in gloom

• विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, without smoke

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - risen, emerged, stood up

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by that (armor) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अग्निनिकाशेन (agninikāśena) - fire-like, fire-resembling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agninikāśa

agninikāśa - resembling fire, fire-like

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+nikāśa)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• nikāśa – resemblance, appearance, likeness
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kāś (class 1)

कवचेन (kavacena) - by the armor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kavaca

kavaca - armor, mail, cuirass

विभूषितः (vibhūṣitaḥ) - adorned, embellished, decorated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhūṣita

vibhūṣita - adorned, decorated, embellished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhūṣ (to adorn) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Prince Rama, son of Dasaratha (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasant, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

तिमिरे (timire) - in darkness, in gloom

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of timira

timira - darkness, gloom, blindness

विधूमः (vidhūmaḥ) - smokeless, without smoke

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhūma

vidhūma - smokeless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+dhūma)

• vi – without, lacking
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• dhūma – smoke
  noun (masculine)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacrificial fire

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - risen, emerged, stood up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, ascended, originated, produced, grown, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

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