वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-16

स चापमुद्यम्य महच्छरानादाय वीर्यवान् ।
बभूवावस्थितस्तत्र ज्यास्वनैः पूरयन्दिशः ॥१६॥

16. sa cāpamudyamya mahaccharānādāya vīryavān ,
babhūvāvasthitastatra jyāsvanaiḥ pūrayandiśaḥ.

16. saḥ cāpam udyamya mahat śarān ādāya vīryavān
babhūva avasthitaḥ tatra jyāsvanaiḥ pūrayan diśaḥ

16. saḥ vīryavān mahat cāpam udyamya śarān ādāya
tatra jyāsvanaiḥ diśaḥ pūrayan avasthitaḥ babhūva

16. Raising his mighty bow and taking up arrows, that valiant one (Rama) stood there, filling all directions with the twang of his bowstring.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, having lifted

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valiant, strong

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - stood, stationed, situated

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• ज्यास्वनैः (jyāsvanaiḥ) - by bowstring sounds

• पूरयन् (pūrayan) - filling

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arc

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, having lifted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root yam (to hold, restrain) with prefix ud-. The ending ya indicates a prefix verb absolutive.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: This form is neuter nominative/accusative singular, but it modifies 'cāpam' (bow), which is masculine accusative singular. This may be an instance of poetic license where the adjective does not fully agree in gender with the noun.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root dā (to give, take) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valiant, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, strong, valiant, heroic

Possessive suffix -vat added to vīrya.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - stood, stationed, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - standing, situated, fixed, present

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

ज्यास्वनैः (jyāsvanaiḥ) - by bowstring sounds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jyāsvana

jyāsvana - sound of a bowstring, twang of a bow

Compound type : tatpurusha (jyā+svana)

• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)
• svana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

पूरयन् (pūrayan) - filling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrayat

pūrayat - filling, completing, satisfying

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative of root pūr (to fill).

Root: pūr (class 10)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, point of the compass

Root: diś (class 6)

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