वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-2

तानुत्पातान्महाघोरानुत्थितान् रोमहर्षणान् ।
प्रजानामहितान्दृष्ट्वा वाक्यं लक्ष्मणमब्रवीत् ॥२॥

2. tānutpātānmahāghorānutthitān romaharṣaṇān ,
prajānāmahitāndṛṣṭvā vākyaṃ lakṣmaṇamabravīt.

2. tān utpātān mahāghorān utthitān romaharṣaṇān |
prajānām ahitān dṛṣṭvā vākyam lakṣmaṇam abravīt

2. (saḥ) tān prajānām ahitān mahāghorān romaharṣaṇān
utthitān utpātān dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇam vākyam abravīt

2. Having seen those exceedingly dreadful, hair-raising, and harmful omens that had arisen for the people, (Rama) spoke these words to Lakshmana.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (omens) (those)

• उत्पातान् (utpātān) - omens (omens, prodigies, calamities)

• महाघोरान् (mahāghorān) - exceedingly dreadful (exceedingly dreadful, very terrible)

• उत्थितान् (utthitān) - that had arisen (arisen, appeared, stood up)

• रोमहर्षणान् (romaharṣaṇān) - hair-raising (hair-raising, horrifying, causing thrill)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people / beings (of creatures, of people, of progeny)

• अहितान् (ahitān) - harmful (harmful, inauspicious, inimical)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (omens) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Modifies 'utpātān'.

उत्पातान् (utpātān) - omens (omens, prodigies, calamities)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utpāta

utpāta - omen, prodigy, calamity, disturbance

From ut-pat- 'to fly up, spring forth'.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

महाघोरान् (mahāghorān) - exceedingly dreadful (exceedingly dreadful, very terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāghora

mahāghora - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

Compound of mahā (great, exceedingly) and ghora (terrible, dreadful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, very
  adjective
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Accusative plural, agrees with 'utpātān'.

उत्थितान् (utthitān) - that had arisen (arisen, appeared, stood up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of utthita

utthita - arisen, standing up, produced

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā- 'to stand' with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural, agrees with 'utpātān'.

रोमहर्षणान् (romaharṣaṇān) - hair-raising (hair-raising, horrifying, causing thrill)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

agent noun/adjective

Compound of roman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing excitement/bristling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, causing bristling (of hair)
  adjective (masculine)
  causative agent noun/adjective
  Derived from causative of root hṛṣ- 'to be stiff, bristle, rejoice'.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural, agrees with 'utpātān'.

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people / beings (of creatures, of people, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, creatures, people, subjects

From pra-jan- 'to be born, produce'.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Expresses the sphere of impact for the omens ('harmful to whom').

अहितान् (ahitān) - harmful (harmful, inauspicious, inimical)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ahita

ahita - harmful, inimical, inauspicious, not beneficial

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of a- (not) and hita (beneficial, good).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hita – beneficial, good, placed, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā- 'to place' or hi- 'to send, impel'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative plural, agrees with 'utpātān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś- 'to see' with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Gerund.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From vac- 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (proper name, lit. 'having marks/signs of fortune')

Derived from lakṣman (mark, sign).

Note: Indirect object (accusative with verb of speaking).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root brū-.

Root: brū (class 2)

Previous Verse Next Verse