वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-14

तस्मिन्प्रविष्टे तु गुहां लक्ष्मणे सह सीतया ।
हन्त निर्युक्तमित्युक्त्वा रामः कवचमाविशत् ॥१४॥

14. tasminpraviṣṭe tu guhāṃ lakṣmaṇe saha sītayā ,
hanta niryuktamityuktvā rāmaḥ kavacamāviśat.

14. tasmin praviṣṭe tu guhām lakṣmaṇe saha sītayā
hanta niryuktam iti uktvā rāmaḥ kavacam āviśat

14. tu lakṣmaṇe sītayā saha guhām tasmin praviṣṭe [sati],
rāmaḥ "hanta niryuktam!" iti uktvā kavacam āviśat

14. Indeed, when Lakshmana had entered the cave with Sita, Rama, exclaiming 'Ah, it is accomplished!', then put on his armor.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, him

• प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - having entered, gone in

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• गुहाम् (guhām) - cave

• लक्ष्मणे (lakṣmaṇe) - in Lakshmana, when Lakshmana

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

• हन्त (hanta) - alas, ah, oh

• निर्युक्तम् (niryuktam) - accomplished, completed, resolved, prepared

• इति (iti) - thus

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• कवचम् (kavacam) - armor, cuirass

• आविशत् (āviśat) - he put on (his armor) (he entered, he put on)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, him

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine locative singular, refers to Lakshmana. Forms part of locative absolute construction with praviṣṭe and lakṣmaṇe.

प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - having entered, gone in

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone in, penetrated

past passive participle

From root विश् (viś) 'to enter' with prefix प्र (pra).

Prefix: pra

Root: विश् (viś) (class 6)

Note: Masculine locative singular, agrees with tasmin and lakṣmaṇe, forming a locative absolute.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating contrast or continuation.

Note: Connects the clauses.

गुहाम् (guhām) - cave

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, grotto

Root: गुह् (guh) (class 1)

Note: Object of praviṣṭe.

लक्ष्मणे (lakṣmaṇe) - in Lakshmana, when Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother)

Note: Masculine locative singular, subject of the locative absolute construction.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Requires instrumental case.

Note: Governs sītayā.

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (daughter of Janaka)

Note: Instrumental singular, governed by saha.

हन्त (hanta) - alas, ah, oh

(indeclinable)

Expresses various emotions.

Note: Indicates Rama's feeling of relief or resignation.

निर्युक्तम् (niryuktam) - accomplished, completed, resolved, prepared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niryukta

niryukta - appointed, fixed, accomplished, resolved, ready

past passive participle

From root युज् (yuj) 'to join, to yoke' with prefix निर् (nir).

Prefix: nir

Root: युज् (yuj) (class 7)

Note: Neuter nominative singular, refers to the task or situation.

इति (iti) - thus

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude direct speech or thought.

Note: Marks the end of Rama's spoken thought.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (ktvā affix)

From root वच् (vac) 'to speak' with ktyā suffix.

Root: वच् (vac) (class 2)

Note: Indicates an action preceding āviśat.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, incarnation of Vishnu)

Note: Subject of āviśat.

कवचम् (kavacam) - armor, cuirass

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kavaca

kavaca - armor, cuirass, breast-plate

Note: Object of āviśat.

आविशत् (āviśat) - he put on (his armor) (he entered, he put on)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (lāṅ) of āviś

imperfect active 3rd person singular

From root विश् (viś) 'to enter' with prefix आ (ā). Imperfect (लाङ् - lāṅ) tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: विश् (viś) (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

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