वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-23, verse-11

तस्माद्गृहीत्वा वैदेहीं शरपाणिर्धनुर्धरः ।
गुहामाश्रयशैलस्य दुर्गां पादपसंकुलाम् ॥११॥

11. tasmādgṛhītvā vaidehīṃ śarapāṇirdhanurdharaḥ ,
guhāmāśrayaśailasya durgāṃ pādapasaṃkulām.

11. tasmāt gṛhītvā vaidehīm śarapāṇiḥ dhanurdharaḥ
guhām āśrayaśailasya durgām pādapasaṅkulām

11. tasmāt śarapāṇiḥ dhanurdharaḥ vaidehīm gṛhītvā
pādapasaṅkulām durgām āśrayaśailasya guhām

11. Therefore, you, holding arrows and a bow, should take Vaidehi (Sita) to the formidable cave on the sheltering mountain, which is dense with trees.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, seizing

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehi, Sita (daughter of Videha)

• शरपाणिः (śarapāṇiḥ) - one who holds arrows in hand, arrow-handed

• धनुर्धरः (dhanurdharaḥ) - bow-bearer, archer

• गुहाम् (guhām) - cave

• आश्रयशैलस्य (āśrayaśailasya) - of the sheltering mountain, of the mountain that provides shelter

• दुर्गाम् (durgām) - formidable, difficult to access, inaccessible

• पादपसङ्कुलाम् (pādapasaṅkulām) - crowded with trees, dense with vegetation

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore' or 'from that cause'.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, seizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root ग्रह् (grah) with suffix त्वा (tvā).

Root: ग्रह् (grah) (class 9)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehi, Sita (daughter of Videha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - princess of Videha, Sita

Derived from Videha (name of a kingdom/king) + ī (feminine suffix).

Note: Object of gṛhītvā.

शरपाणिः (śarapāṇiḥ) - one who holds arrows in hand, arrow-handed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarapāṇin

śarapāṇin - holding arrows in hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+pāṇi)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Lakshmana, who is the implied subject of the instruction.

धनुर्धरः (dhanurdharaḥ) - bow-bearer, archer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurdhara

dhanurdhara - bow-bearer, archer

Derived from dhanus (bow) and dhara (bearer, from root धृ (dhṛ) 'to hold').

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanus+dhara)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearer, holder
  noun (masculine)
  Root: धृ (dhṛ) (class 1)

Note: Appositional to śarapāṇiḥ, referring to Lakshmana.

गुहाम् (guhām) - cave

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, grotto

Root: गुह् (guh) (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb of motion.

आश्रयशैलस्य (āśrayaśailasya) - of the sheltering mountain, of the mountain that provides shelter

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āśrayaśaila

āśrayaśaila - sheltering mountain, mountain for refuge

Compound of āśraya (shelter) and śaila (mountain).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśraya+śaila)

• āśraya – shelter, refuge, resort
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: श्रि (śri) (class 1)
• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies guhām (cave of the mountain).

दुर्गाम् (durgām) - formidable, difficult to access, inaccessible

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durga

durga - difficult to pass, inaccessible, formidable

dur (difficult) + ga (going).

Root: गम् (gam) (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying guhām.

पादपसङ्कुलाम् (pādapasaṅkulām) - crowded with trees, dense with vegetation

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pādapasaṅkula

pādapasaṅkula - crowded/filled with trees

Compound of pādapa (tree) and saṅkula (crowded, full of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pādapa+saṅkula)

• pādapa – tree (lit. 'foot-drinker')
  noun (masculine)
• saṅkula – crowded, filled, confused
  adjective
  Prefix: sam
  Root: कुल् (kul) (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying guhām.

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