वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-97, verse-5

आर्यं तातः परित्यज्य कृत्वा कर्म सुदुष्करम् ।
गतः स्वर्गं महाबाहुः पुत्रशोकाभिपीडितः ॥५॥

5. āryaṃ tātaḥ parityajya kṛtvā karma suduṣkaram ,
gataḥ svargaṃ mahābāhuḥ putraśokābhipīḍitaḥ.

5. āryam tātaḥ parityajya kṛtvā karma su-duṣkaram
gataḥ svargam mahā-bāhuḥ putra-śoka-abhipīḍitaḥ

5. putra-śoka-abhipīḍitaḥ mahā-bāhuḥ tātaḥ āryam
parityajya su-duṣkaram karma kṛtvā svargam gataḥ

5. Our father, the mighty-armed (mahābāhu), afflicted by grief for his son, having abandoned the noble one (ārya) and performed a very difficult deed (karma), has departed for heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्यम् (āryam) - the noble one (Rama) (noble, respectable one (ārya))

• तातः (tātaḥ) - Our father (Dasharatha) (father)

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• कर्म (karma) - the deed (of sending Rama to exile) (action, deed, ritual, consequence of action (karma))

• सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - very difficult (deed) (very difficult, extremely hard to do)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (to heaven) (gone, departed)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial abode

• महा-बाहुः (mahā-bāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed (Dasharatha) (mighty-armed, strong-armed (mahābāhu))

• पुत्र-शोक-अभिपीडितः (putra-śoka-abhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow over his son (Rama) (afflicted by grief for his son)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्यम् (āryam) - the noble one (Rama) (noble, respectable one (ārya))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable

Note: Refers to Rama.

तातः (tātaḥ) - Our father (Dasharatha) (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment)

Note: Refers to King Dasharatha.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Absolutive form of root tyaj with upasargas pari

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - the deed (of sending Rama to exile) (action, deed, ritual, consequence of action (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of action (karma)

Note: Refers to the difficult action King Dasharatha performed.

सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - very difficult (deed) (very difficult, extremely hard to do)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of su-duṣkara

su-duṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard to perform

Compound adjective with intensifier su-

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  prefix
• duṣkara – difficult to do, hard to accomplish
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (negative implication)
  From root kṛ with prefix dus- (bad, difficult)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (to heaven) (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tātaḥ'.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial abode

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world

Note: Denotes the destination of 'gataḥ'.

महा-बाहुः (mahā-bāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed (Dasharatha) (mighty-armed, strong-armed (mahābāhu))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-bāhu

mahā-bāhu - one with mighty arms, powerful (mahābāhu)

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tātaḥ'.

पुत्र-शोक-अभिपीडितः (putra-śoka-abhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow over his son (Rama) (afflicted by grief for his son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra-śoka-abhipīḍita

putra-śoka-abhipīḍita - afflicted, tormented by grief for his son

Compound adjective, masculine nominative singular

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka+abhipīḍita)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• abhipīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. from root pīḍ with upasarga abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'tātaḥ'.

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