वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-97, verse-1

तं तु रामः समाश्वास्य भ्रातरं गुरुवत्सलम् ।
लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा प्रष्टुं समुपचक्रमे ॥१॥

1. taṃ tu rāmaḥ samāśvāsya bhrātaraṃ guruvatsalam ,
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā praṣṭuṃ samupacakrame.

1. tam tu rāmaḥ samāśvāsya bhrātaram guru-vatsalam ।
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā praṣṭum samupacakrame

1. rāmaḥ tu guru-vatsalam tam bhrātaram samāśvāsya,
lakṣmaṇena bhrātrā saha praṣṭum samupacakrame

1. Rama, having first consoled that brother who was devoted to his elders (guru), then began to question him, accompanied by his brother Lakshmana.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• समाश्वास्य (samāśvāsya) - having consoled, having comforted

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• गुरु-वत्सलम् (guru-vatsalam) - devoted to his elders (guru), affectionate towards teachers/superiors

• लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother

• प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, for asking

• समुपचक्रमे (samupacakrame) - he began, he commenced

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or transition.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of Ramayana), pleasing, black

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समाश्वास्य (samāśvāsya) - having consoled, having comforted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root śvas (to breathe, sigh) with upasargas sam + ā, and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

गुरु-वत्सलम् (guru-vatsalam) - devoted to his elders (guru), affectionate towards teachers/superiors

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guruvatsala

guruvatsala - devoted to elders or teachers (guru), affectionate towards preceptors

Tatpurusha compound: 'guru' (elder/teacher) + 'vatsala' (affectionate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vatsala)

• guru – elder, teacher, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, important
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, fond of
  adjective (masculine)

लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother), having auspicious marks

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition requiring instrumental case.

भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Used here in apposition to 'lakṣmaṇena'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Lakshmana.

प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, for asking

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root prach (to ask) with upasarga pra and suffix -tum.

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

समुपचक्रमे (samupacakrame) - he began, he commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of samupakram

Perfect Tense (Ātmanepada)

Third person singular, perfect middle indicative. From root kram (to step, go) with upasargas sam + upa + ā.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: kram (class 1)

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