वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-97, verse-19

एताभ्यां धर्मशीलाभ्यां वनं गच्छेति राघव ।
माता पितृभ्यामुक्तो ऽहं कथमन्यत् समाचरे ॥१९॥

19. etābhyāṃ dharmaśīlābhyāṃ vanaṃ gaccheti rāghava ,
mātā pitṛbhyāmukto'haṃ kathamanyat samācare.

19. etābhyām dharmaśīlābhyām vanam gaccha iti rāghava
mātā pitṛbhyām uktaḥ aham katham anyat samācare

19. rāghava aham etābhyām dharmaśīlābhyām mātā pitṛbhyām
vanam gaccha iti uktaḥ katham anyat samācare

19. O Rāghava, I have been instructed by my mother and father, both of whom are devoted to righteousness (dharma), 'Go to the forest.' How can I act differently?

Words meanings summery:

• एताभ्याम् (etābhyām) - by these two

• धर्मशीलाभ्याम् (dharmaśīlābhyām) - by these two virtuous ones, by those whose nature is dharma

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go, proceed

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, used to introduce direct speech

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāghava (referring to Rāma) (O descendant of Raghu, O Rāghava)

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पितृभ्याम् (pitṛbhyām) - by the father

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, told, spoken

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different, otherwise

• समाचरे (samācare) - should I act, should I perform

Words meanings and morphology

एताभ्याम् (etābhyām) - by these two

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, these

धर्मशीलाभ्याम् (dharmaśīlābhyām) - by these two virtuous ones, by those whose nature is dharma

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - virtuous, righteous, devoted to dharma

Compound (dharma + śīla)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, virtue
  noun (neuter)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

गच्छ (gaccha) - go, proceed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, used to introduce direct speech

(indeclinable)

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāghava (referring to Rāma) (O descendant of Raghu, O Rāghava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (a name for Rāma)

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पितृभ्याम् (pitṛbhyām) - by the father

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, told, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different, otherwise

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, different

समाचरे (samācare) - should I act, should I perform

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samācar

from sam + ā + car

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

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