वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-52, verse-7

सुकुमार्या तपस्विन्या सुमन्त्र सह सीतया ।
राजपुत्रौ कथं पादैरवरुह्य रथाद्गतौ ॥७॥

7. sukumāryā tapasvinyā sumantra saha sītayā ,
rājaputrau kathaṃ pādairavaruhya rathādgatau.

7. sukumāryā tapasvinyā sumantra saha sītayā
rājaputrau katham pādaiḥ avaruhya rathāt gatau

7. sumantra rājaputrau sukumāryā tapasvinyā sītayā
saha rathāt avaruhya pādaiḥ katham gatau

7. O Sumantra, how did the two princes, along with the exquisitely delicate Sita (who is now like an ascetic), having descended from the chariot, proceed on foot?

Words meanings summery:

• सुकुमार्या (sukumāryā) - by the exquisitely delicate (Sita) (by the very delicate, by the extremely tender)

• तपस्विन्या (tapasvinyā) - by Sita, who is now like an ascetic (due to her circumstances) (by the ascetic woman, by the austere woman)

• सुमन्त्र (sumantra) - O Sumantra (proper name)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

• राजपुत्रौ (rājaputrau) - Rama and Lakshmana (the two princes, sons of a king)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• पादैः (pādaiḥ) - by feet, on foot

• अवरुह्य (avaruhya) - having descended, having dismounted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• गतौ (gatau) - gone, proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

सुकुमार्या (sukumāryā) - by the exquisitely delicate (Sita) (by the very delicate, by the extremely tender)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sukumārī

sukumārī - very delicate, exquisitely tender, graceful (feminine)

Feminine form of sukumāra (su + kumāra)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kumāra)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  prefix
• kumāra – tender, young, delicate; boy, youth, prince
  adjective/noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Sītayā.

तपस्विन्या (tapasvinyā) - by Sita, who is now like an ascetic (due to her circumstances) (by the ascetic woman, by the austere woman)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - ascetic woman, female recluse, austere woman (feminine of tapasvin)

From tapas (austerity) + vin (possessive suffix) + ī (feminine suffix)

Note: Agrees with Sītayā.

सुमन्त्र (sumantra) - O Sumantra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of Dasharatha's chief minister and charioteer)

Note: Direct address.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition.

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sita, with Sita

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (Janaka's daughter, Rama's wife)

Note: Object of 'saha'.

राजपुत्रौ (rājaputrau) - Rama and Lakshmana (the two princes, sons of a king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rājaputra

rājaputra - king's son, prince

Compound: rājan + putra

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Main subject of the second sentence.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

पादैः (pādaiḥ) - by feet, on foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, step, quarter

Note: Indicates means of going.

अवरुह्य (avaruhya) - having descended, having dismounted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From verb root ruh (to ascend) with upasarga ava- (down)

Prefix: ava

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, carriage

Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

गतौ (gatau) - gone, proceeded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gata

gata - gone, moved, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājaputrau'. Acts as the main verb.

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