वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-52, verse-5

यं यान्तमनुयान्ति स्म पदाति रथकुञ्जराः ।
स वत्स्यति कथं रामो विजनं वनमाश्रितः ॥५॥

5. yaṃ yāntamanuyānti sma padāti rathakuñjarāḥ ,
sa vatsyati kathaṃ rāmo vijanaṃ vanamāśritaḥ.

5. yam yāntam anuyānti sma padāti rathakuñjarāḥ
saḥ vatsyati katham rāmaḥ vijanam vanam āśritaḥ

5. yam yāntam padāti rathakuñjarāḥ anuyānti sma
saḥ rāmaḥ vijanam vanam āśritaḥ katham vatsyati

5. How will Rama, whom foot soldiers, chariots, and elephants used to follow whenever he went, now dwell, having taken refuge in a solitary forest?

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - while going (going, moving)

• अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

• पदाति (padāti) - foot soldiers (foot soldier, infantry)

• रथकुञ्जराः (rathakuñjarāḥ) - chariots and elephants

• सः (saḥ) - Rama (he, that)

• वत्स्यति (vatsyati) - will dwell, will reside

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

• विजनम् (vijanam) - solitary, deserted, lonely

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having taken refuge in (the forest) (resorted to, dependent on, taken refuge in, sheltered)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - while going (going, moving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From verb root yā (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Describes 'yam' (Rama).

अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anuyā

Present Tense

3rd person, plural, active voice

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: With 'sma' implies past habitual action.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

(indeclinable)

Note: Transforms present tense verb into past habitual.

पदाति (padāti) - foot soldiers (foot soldier, infantry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padātin

padātin - foot soldier, infantryman

Note: `padāti` is the nominative plural form of `padātin`.

रथकुञ्जराः (rathakuñjarāḥ) - chariots and elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathakuñjara

rathakuñjara - chariots and elephants

Compound: ratha + kuñjara

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+kuñjara)

• ratha – chariot, carriage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)
• kuñjara – elephant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dvandva compound.

सः (saḥ) - Rama (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वत्स्यति (vatsyati) - will dwell, will reside

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vas

Future Tense

3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: vas (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasing, charming

Note: Main subject of the second half.

विजनम् (vijanam) - solitary, deserted, lonely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vijana

vijana - solitary, deserted, lonely, devoid of people

Compound: vi + jana (without people)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vi+jana)

• vi – apart, away, without
  prefix
• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with vanam.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'āśritaḥ'.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having taken refuge in (the forest) (resorted to, dependent on, taken refuge in, sheltered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, sheltered by

Past Passive Participle

From verb root śri (to resort to, serve) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective for rāmaḥ.

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