वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-52, verse-3

राजा तु रजसा सूतं ध्वस्ताङ्गं समुपस्थितम् ।
अश्रुपूर्णमुखं दीनमुवाच परमार्तवत् ॥३॥

3. rājā tu rajasā sūtaṃ dhvastāṅgaṃ samupasthitam ,
aśrupūrṇamukhaṃ dīnamuvāca paramārtavat.

3. rājā tu rajasā sūtam dhvastāṅgam samupasthitam
aśrupūrṇamukham dīnam uvāca paramārtavat

3. rājā tu rajasā dhvastāṅgam,
aśrupūrṇamukham,
dīnam,
samupasthitam sūtam paramārtavat uvāca.

3. But the king spoke to the charioteer (sūta)—who had arrived, whose body was soiled with dust, whose face was full of tears, and who was utterly wretched—as if himself in extreme distress.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रजसा (rajasā) - with dust, by means of dust

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer (charioteer, son)

• ध्वस्ताङ्गम् (dhvastāṅgam) - whose limbs were covered/soiled, having a dusty body

• समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - who had arrived, present, standing near

• अश्रुपूर्णमुखम् (aśrupūrṇamukham) - whose face was full of tears

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, poor, sad

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• परमार्तवत् (paramārtavat) - like one extremely distressed, as if greatly afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रजसा (rajasā) - with dust, by means of dust

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, impulse, passion (guṇa)

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer (charioteer, son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son, born

Past Passive Participle (from sū, to bear, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

ध्वस्ताङ्गम् (dhvastāṅgam) - whose limbs were covered/soiled, having a dusty body

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvastāṅga

dhvastāṅga - whose limbs are soiled/covered (with dust)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhvasta+aṅga)

• dhvasta – fallen, perished, spoiled, soiled, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhvaṃs (to fall, perish, destroy)
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body, part, member
  noun (neuter)

समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - who had arrived, present, standing near

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - arrived, present, standing near, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasargas sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

अश्रुपूर्णमुखम् (aśrupūrṇamukham) - whose face was full of tears

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśrupūrṇamukha

aśrupūrṇamukha - whose face is full of tears

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśru+pūrṇa+mukha)

• aśru – tear, teardrop
  noun (neuter)
• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pṝ (to fill)
  Root: pṝ (class 9)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, poor, sad

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, afflicted, humble, poor

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dai (to pine, be sad)

Root: dai (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

परमार्तवत् (paramārtavat) - like one extremely distressed, as if greatly afflicted

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'paramārta' with the adverbial suffix '-vat' (like, as)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+ārta+vat)

• parama – highest, greatest, supreme, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛ (to go, to suffer)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• vat – like, as, in the manner of
  suffix
  Suffix forming adverbs from nouns/adjectives

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