वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-52, verse-2

वृद्धं परमसंतप्तं नवग्रहमिव द्विपम् ।
विनिःश्वसन्तं ध्यायन्तमस्वस्थमिव कुञ्जरम् ॥२॥

2. vṛddhaṃ paramasaṃtaptaṃ navagrahamiva dvipam ,
viniḥśvasantaṃ dhyāyantamasvasthamiva kuñjaram.

2. vṛddham paramasaṃtaptam navagraham iva dvipam
viniḥśvasantam dhyāyantam asvastham iva kuñjaram

2. (saḥ tam sūtam) vṛddham paramasaṃtaptam,
navagraham dvipam iva,
viniḥśvasantam,
dhyāyantam,
asvastham kuñjaram iva (ajuhāva).

2. (He called) the charioteer, who was old and extremely distressed, like an elephant (dvipa) just captured; sighing deeply and brooding, like an unwell elephant (kuñjara).

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged

• परमसंतप्तम् (paramasaṁtaptam) - greatly distressed, extremely afflicted

• नवग्रहम् (navagraham) - recently captured

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

• विनिःश्वसन्तम् (viniḥśvasantam) - sighing deeply, breathing heavily

• ध्यायन्तम् (dhyāyantam) - brooding, meditating, contemplating

• अस्वस्थम् (asvastham) - unwell, restless, disturbed

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - elephant

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

परमसंतप्तम् (paramasaṁtaptam) - greatly distressed, extremely afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paramasaṃtapta

paramasaṁtapta - greatly distressed, extremely afflicted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+saṃtapta)

• parama – highest, greatest, supreme, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃtapta – heated, tormented, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root tap (to heat, suffer) with upasarga sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

नवग्रहम् (navagraham) - recently captured

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of navagraha

navagraha - newly caught, recently seized

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nava+graha)

• nava – new, fresh, recent
  adjective (masculine)
• graha – seizing, holding, grasping, capture
  noun (masculine)
  Root: grah (class 9)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (drinker of two kinds of water, i.e., from mouth and trunk)

विनिःश्वसन्तम् (viniḥśvasantam) - sighing deeply, breathing heavily

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viniḥśvasat

viniḥśvasat - sighing deeply, breathing heavily, exhaling strongly

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śvas (to breathe) with upasargas vi- and nis-

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

ध्यायन्तम् (dhyāyantam) - brooding, meditating, contemplating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - brooding, meditating, contemplating, thinking deeply (dhyāna)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhyai (to think, meditate)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

अस्वस्थम् (asvastham) - unwell, restless, disturbed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asvastha

asvastha - unwell, sick, restless, uneasy

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svastha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• svastha – healthy, well, at ease, in one's natural state
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sva
  Root: sthā (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant (one that sports in mountain caves)

Previous Verse Next Verse