वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-52, verse-18

लक्ष्मणस्तु सुसंक्रुद्धो निःश्वसन् वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
केनायमपराधेन राजपुत्रो विवासितः ॥१८॥

18. lakṣmaṇastu susaṃkruddho niḥśvasan vākyamabravīt ,
kenāyamaparādhena rājaputro vivāsitaḥ.

18. lakṣmaṇaḥ tu susaṃkruddhaḥ niḥśvasan vākyam
abravīt kena ayam aparādhena rājaputraḥ vivāsitaḥ

18. lakṣmaṇaḥ tu susaṃkruddhaḥ (san) niḥśvasan vākyam abravīt.
(saḥ papraccha) ayam rājaputraḥ kena aparādhena vivāsitaḥ?

18. But Lakshmana, exceedingly enraged, sighed and spoke these words: 'By what fault has this prince (Rama) been exiled?'

Words meanings summery:

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - Lakshmana, being exceedingly enraged (exceedingly enraged, very angry)

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (spoken by Lakshmana) (word, statement)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• केन (kena) - by what (fault) (by what, by whom)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (prince Rama) (this (masculine))

• अपराधेन (aparādhena) - by fault, by offense, by transgression

• राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - Prince Rama (prince, king's son)

• विवासितः (vivāsitaḥ) - exiled, banished, caused to leave

Words meanings and morphology

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana, auspicious mark

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - Lakshmana, being exceedingly enraged (exceedingly enraged, very angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - exceedingly enraged, very angry

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'su-' (intensifier) and 'saṃkruddha' (enraged). 'Saṃkruddha' is derived from √krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃkruddha)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• saṃkruddha – enraged, angered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to Lakshmana's state of mind.

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'lakṣmaṇaḥ'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (spoken by Lakshmana) (word, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

Derived from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect

Third person singular imperfect active of √brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

केन (kena) - by what (fault) (by what, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Governs 'aparādhena'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (prince Rama) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'rāmaputraḥ' (Rama).

अपराधेन (aparādhena) - by fault, by offense, by transgression

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, transgression, crime

Derived from apa-√rādh (to fail, offend)

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Indicates the cause of exile.

राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - Prince Rama (prince, king's son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, king's son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rama.

विवासितः (vivāsitaḥ) - exiled, banished, caused to leave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivāsita

vivāsita - exiled, banished, caused to leave

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative of √vas (to dwell) with prefix vi; literally 'caused to not dwell'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Indicates the state of being exiled.

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