वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-12, verse-20

यदा वक्तुं स्वयं दैन्यान्न शशाक महीपतिः ।
तदा सुमन्त्रं मन्त्रज्ञा कैकेयी प्रत्युवाच ह ॥२०॥

20. yadā vaktuṃ svayaṃ dainyānna śaśāka mahīpatiḥ ,
tadā sumantraṃ mantrajñā kaikeyī pratyuvāca ha.

20. yadā vaktum svayam dainyāt na śaśāka mahīpatiḥ
tadā sumantram mantrajñā kaikeyī prati uvāca ha

20. yadā mahīpatiḥ svayam dainyāt vaktum na śaśāka
tadā mantrajñā kaikeyī sumantram prati uvāca ha

20. When the king himself was unable to speak due to his misery, then Kaikeyī, the astute one [skilled in counsel], spoke in reply to Sumantra.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself, personally

• दैन्यात् (dainyāt) - from misery, due to wretchedness

• न (na) - not, no

• शशाक (śaśāka) - he was able, he could

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Daśaratha) (the king, lord of the earth)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सुमन्त्रम् (sumantram) - to Sumantra

• मन्त्रज्ञा (mantrajñā) - astute, skilled in counsel/strategy (skilled in counsel, knowing mantras/sacred texts)

• कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyī (name of a queen)

• प्रति (prati) - in reply to (towards, to, against, in reply to)

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said, she spoke

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily, surely (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself, personally

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the king's inability.

दैन्यात् (dainyāt) - from misery, due to wretchedness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, wretchedness, distress, poverty

Derived from dīna

Note: Indicates the cause for inability.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb śaśāka.

शशाक (śaśāka) - he was able, he could

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of śak

perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from root śak (class 5/8)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Main verb for mahīpatiḥ.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Daśaratha) (the king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of śaśāka.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

सुमन्त्रम् (sumantram) - to Sumantra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of Daśaratha's minister); good counsel; wise minister

Note: Object of pratyuvāca, indicating the person to whom Kaikeyī spoke.

मन्त्रज्ञा (mantrajñā) - astute, skilled in counsel/strategy (skilled in counsel, knowing mantras/sacred texts)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mantrajña

mantrajña - knowing mantras; skilled in counsel/deliberation; politician, statesman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mantra+jña)

• mantra – sacred text/word (mantra), counsel, advice, plan, secret
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, skilled in, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Kaikeyī.

कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyī (name of a queen)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (name of Daśaratha's youngest queen and mother of Bharata)

Note: Subject of pratyuvāca.

प्रति (prati) - in reply to (towards, to, against, in reply to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb, forming part of pratyuvāca (prati + uvāca).

उवाच (uvāca) - she said, she spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The verbal part of pratyuvāca.

ह (ha) - indeed, verily, surely (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

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