वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-12, verse-1

पुत्रशोकार्दितं पापा विसंज्ञं पतितं भुवि ।
विवेष्टमानमुदीक्ष्य सैक्ष्वाकमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. putraśokārditaṃ pāpā visaṃjñaṃ patitaṃ bhuvi ,
viveṣṭamānamudīkṣya saikṣvākamidamabravīt.

1. putraśokārditaṃ pāpā visañjñaṃ patitaṃ bhuvi
viveṣṭamānam udīkṣya sā aikṣvākam idam abravīt

1. pāpā putraśokārditaṃ visañjñaṃ bhuvi patitaṃ
viveṣṭamānam aikṣvākam udīkṣya sā idam abravīt

1. The sinful Kaikeyi, observing the Ikshvaku king, who was afflicted by the grief of his son's (exile), unconscious, fallen to the ground, and writhing, spoke these words to him.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रशोकार्दितं (putraśokārditaṁ) - afflicted by the grief of his son's (exile) (afflicted by grief for son)

• पापा (pāpā) - the sinful Kaikeyi (sinful woman)

• विसञ्ज्ञं (visañjñaṁ) - unconscious (unconscious, senseless)

• पतितं (patitaṁ) - fallen (on the ground) (fallen)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

• विवेष्टमानम् (viveṣṭamānam) - writhing in pain (writhing, struggling)

• उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having observed (the king) (having seen, having observed)

• सा (sā) - she (Kaikeyi) (she, that (feminine))

• ऐक्ष्वाकम् (aikṣvākam) - to King Dasharatha (of the Ikshvaku dynasty) (to the Ikshvaku, descendant of Ikshvaku)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (these words) (said, spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रशोकार्दितं (putraśokārditaṁ) - afflicted by the grief of his son's (exile) (afflicted by grief for son)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokārdita

putraśokārdita - afflicted by grief for a son

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (putraśoka+ārdita)

• putraśoka – grief for a son
  noun (masculine)
• ārdita – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṚD (to torment) with prefix Ā- (or from root ĀRD)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: Modifies aikṣvākam.

पापा (pāpā) - the sinful Kaikeyi (sinful woman)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāpā

pāpa - sinful, wicked, evil; sin, evil

Feminine form of 'pāpa'

Note: Subject of abravīt.

विसञ्ज्ञं (visañjñaṁ) - unconscious (unconscious, senseless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visañjña

visañjña - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

Prefix vi- indicating separation or negation from sañjña (conscious, knowing).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+sañjña)

• vi – apart, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation/separation.
• sañjña – conscious, knowing, marked
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies aikṣvākam.

पतितं (patitaṁ) - fallen (on the ground) (fallen)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, outcast

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root PAT (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies aikṣvākam.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhu

bhu - earth, world, existence

Alternate form of bhū (earth)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Location for patitaṃ.

विवेष्टमानम् (viveṣṭamānam) - writhing in pain (writhing, struggling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viveṣṭamāna

viveṣṭamāna - writhing, struggling, moving restlessly

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root VEṢṬ (to wrap, to writhe) with prefix VI-, and Middle participle suffix -māna

Prefix: vi

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Modifies aikṣvākam.

उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - having observed (the king) (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix UD- and root ĪKṢ (to see)

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses prior action to abravīt.

सा (sā) - she (Kaikeyi) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi, the subject of abravīt.

ऐक्ष्वाकम् (aikṣvākam) - to King Dasharatha (of the Ikshvaku dynasty) (to the Ikshvaku, descendant of Ikshvaku)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aikṣvāka

aikṣvāka - descendant of Ikṣvāku, relating to Ikṣvāku

Patronymic derived from Ikṣvāku

Note: Object of speech.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (these words) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.