वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-12, verse-15

स नुन्न इव तीक्षेण प्रतोदेन हयोत्तमः ।
राजा प्रदोचितो ऽभीक्ष्णं कैकेयीमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१५॥

15. sa nunna iva tīkṣeṇa pratodena hayottamaḥ ,
rājā pradocito'bhīkṣṇaṃ kaikeyīmidamabravīt.

15. sa nunnaḥ iva tīkṣṇena pratodena hayottamaḥ
rājā pradocitaḥ abhīkṣṇam kaikeyīm idam abravīt

15. rājā tīkṣṇena pratodena nunnaḥ hayottamaḥ iva
kaikeyīm abhīkṣṇam pradocitaḥ saḥ idam abravīt

15. Like an excellent horse spurred by a sharp goad, the king, repeatedly provoked by Kaikeyī, said this to her.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

• नुन्नः (nunnaḥ) - urged, impelled (pushed, urged, impelled)

• इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as if, similar to)

• तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a sharp (by a sharp, by an intense)

• प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - by a goad (by a goad, by an urging)

• हयोत्तमः (hayottamaḥ) - an excellent horse (best of horses, excellent horse)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dasharatha) (king)

• प्रदोचितः (pradocitaḥ) - provoked, instigated (urged, instigated, provoked)

• अभीक्ष्णम् (abhīkṣṇam) - repeatedly (repeatedly, constantly, frequently)

• कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - to Kaikeyī (Kaikeyī)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to what he said) (this, this (word))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, Dasharatha.

नुन्नः (nunnaḥ) - urged, impelled (pushed, urged, impelled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nunna

nunna - pushed, urged, thrown, sent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root nud- (to push, urge)

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'hayottamaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a sharp (by a sharp, by an intense)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot, severe, violent

Note: Agrees with 'pratodena'.

प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - by a goad (by a goad, by an urging)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, prick, impulse, stimulus

From pra- + tud- (to push)

Prefix: pra

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Means by which the horse (and king) is urged.

हयोत्तमः (hayottamaḥ) - an excellent horse (best of horses, excellent horse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayottama

hayottama - best of horses, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' or 'ava'
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'nunnaḥ' in comparison.

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dasharatha) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

प्रदोचितः (pradocitaḥ) - provoked, instigated (urged, instigated, provoked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradocita

pradocita - urged, instigated, excited, incited

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + uc- (to speak, move, incite) or variant of pracodita from cud (to urge).

Prefix: pra

Root: uc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

अभीक्ष्णम् (abhīkṣṇam) - repeatedly (repeatedly, constantly, frequently)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from abhīkṣṇa.

Prefix: abhi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - to Kaikeyī (Kaikeyī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (proper name, one of King Dasharatha's queens)

Note: Object of 'abravīt', indicating the person spoken to.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to what he said) (this, this (word))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here, this (thing)

Note: Refers to the words spoken by the king.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular imperfect active of root 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subject is 'rājā'.