वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-12, verse-3

आहुः सत्यं हि परमं धर्मं धर्मविदो जनाः ।
सत्यमाश्रित्य हि मया त्वं च धर्मं प्रचोदितः ॥३॥

3. āhuḥ satyaṃ hi paramaṃ dharmaṃ dharmavido janāḥ ,
satyamāśritya hi mayā tvaṃ ca dharmaṃ pracoditaḥ.

3. āhuḥ satyaṃ hi paramaṃ dharmam dharmavidaḥ janāḥ
satyam āśritya hi mayā tvaṃ ca dharmam pracoditaḥ

3. janāḥ dharmavidaḥ hi satyaṃ paramaṃ dharmam āhuḥ
ca hi mayā satyam āśritya tvaṃ dharmam pracoditaḥ

3. Indeed, those who understand natural law (dharma) declare truth (satya) to be the supreme natural law (dharma). And it is by relying on truth (satya) that I have urged you towards natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, real, existent)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, utmost, best)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who understand natural law (knowers of dharma, expert in natural law)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons, creatures, men)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, real, existent)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying upon (having resorted to, having approached, having relied upon)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• मया (mayā) - by me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - impelled, urged (impelled, urged, exhorted, instigated)

Words meanings and morphology

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of ah

Perfect 3rd Plural

From √ah (to say) or √brū (to speak)

Root: ah (class 5)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, real, existent)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, existent

Formed from 'sat' (being) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, utmost, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, utmost, best

Superlative degree of 'para' (further, other).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From √dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who understand natural law (knowers of dharma, expert in natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knowing dharma, one who knows natural law, expert in dharma

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √vid
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons, creatures, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature, man

From √jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, real, existent)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, existent

Formed from 'sat' (being) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying upon (having resorted to, having approached, having relied upon)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √śri (to resort to, cling to) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From √dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - impelled, urged (impelled, urged, exhorted, instigated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracodita

pracodita - impelled, urged, exhorted, instigated

Past Passive Participle

From √cud (to urge, impel) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)