वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-105, verse-24

सारथे पश्य विध्वस्ता अयोध्या न प्रकाशते ।
निराकारा निरानन्दा दीना प्रतिहतस्वना ॥२४॥

24. sārathe paśya vidhvastā ayodhyā na prakāśate ,
nirākārā nirānandā dīnā pratihatasvanā.

24. sārathe paśya vidhvastā ayodhyā na prakāśate
nirākārā nirānandā dīnā pratihatasvanā

24. sārathe paśya vidhvastā ayodhyā na prakāśate
nirākārā nirānandā dīnā pratihatasvanā

24. O charioteer, observe! Ruined Ayodhya does not shine forth. It appears formless, joyless, dejected, and its sounds are suppressed.

Words meanings summery:

• सारथे (sārathe) - O charioteer!

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, observe

• विध्वस्ता (vidhvastā) - ruined, destroyed, devastated

• अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - Ayodhya (proper name of a city)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, becomes visible

• निराकारा (nirākārā) - formless, shapeless

• निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without happiness

• दीना (dīnā) - dejected, miserable, wretched, sad

• प्रतिहतस्वना (pratihatasvanā) - with its sounds suppressed, whose noises are silenced

Words meanings and morphology

सारथे (sārathe) - O charioteer!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, guide, driver

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, observe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

root 'dṛś' takes the stem 'paśya' in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विध्वस्ता (vidhvastā) - ruined, destroyed, devastated

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidhvasta

vidhvasta - ruined, destroyed, devastated, scattered

Past Passive Participle

formed from prefix 'vi-' and root 'dhvaṃs' (to scatter, destroy)

Prefix: vi

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ayodhyā'.

अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - Ayodhya (proper name of a city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of a city); unconquerable, invincible (as an adjective)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'prakāśate'.

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, becomes visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kāś

from root 'kāś' with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: The verb for Ayodhyā.

निराकारा (nirākārā) - formless, shapeless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirākāra

nirākāra - formless, shapeless, without attributes

Bahuvrīhi compound: nis + ākāra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ākāra)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Ayodhyā.

निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without happiness

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirānanda

nirānanda - joyless, devoid of happiness, sad

Bahuvrīhi compound: nis + ānanda

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ānanda)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• ānanda – joy, happiness, bliss
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Describes Ayodhyā.

दीना (dīnā) - dejected, miserable, wretched, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - dejected, miserable, sad, poor

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Describes Ayodhyā.

प्रतिहतस्वना (pratihatasvanā) - with its sounds suppressed, whose noises are silenced

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratihatasvana

pratihatasvana - whose sounds are suppressed/stopped

Bahuvrīhi compound: pratihata + svana

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pratihata+svana)

• pratihata – repelled, obstructed, struck back
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  formed from prefix 'prati-' and root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: han (class 2)
• svana – sound, noise, voice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Describes Ayodhyā.