वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-9

कामवृत्तस्त्वयं लोकः कृत्स्नः समुपवर्तते ।
यद्वृत्ताः सन्ति राजानस्तद्वृत्ताः सन्ति हि प्रजाः ॥९॥

9. kāmavṛttastvayaṃ lokaḥ kṛtsnaḥ samupavartate ,
yadvṛttāḥ santi rājānastadvṛttāḥ santi hi prajāḥ.

9. kāmavṛttaḥ tu ayam lokaḥ kṛtsnaḥ samupavartate
yadvṛttāḥ santi rājānaḥ tadvṛttāḥ santi hi prajāḥ

9. tu ayam kṛtsnaḥ lokaḥ kāmavṛttaḥ samupavartate hi
yadvṛttāḥ rājānaḥ santi tadvṛttāḥ prajāḥ santi

9. Indeed, this entire world behaves according to its desires, for certainly, whatever the conduct of kings, such also is the conduct of their subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - behaving according to one's desires (acting according to one's desires, willful, licentious)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (world) (this, this one)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, mankind (world, people, realm)

• कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

• समुपवर्तते (samupavartate) - behaves, acts (behaves, acts, proceeds, moves)

• यद्वृत्ताः (yadvṛttāḥ) - whatever the conduct of (whose conduct is such as, of which behavior)

• सन्ति (santi) - are (are, exist)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

• तद्वृत्ताः (tadvṛttāḥ) - whose conduct is similar to that (whose conduct is such, of that behavior)

• सन्ति (santi) - are (are, exist)

• हि (hi) - for, certainly (introduces a reason/explanation) (indeed, for, surely)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny, creation)

Words meanings and morphology

कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - behaving according to one's desires (acting according to one's desires, willful, licentious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - acting according to one's desires, willful, licentious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, happened, been
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt 'to be, exist'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'lokaḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to mark a new sentence or to add emphasis.

अयम् (ayam) - this (world) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'lokaḥ'.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, mankind (world, people, realm)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, common folk

Note: Subject of 'samupavartate'.

कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete, all

Note: Qualifies 'lokaḥ'.

समुपवर्तते (samupavartate) - behaves, acts (behaves, acts, proceeds, moves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of samupavart

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular

From root vṛt (class 1) 'to be, exist' with prefixes sam- and upa-.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यद्वृत्ताः (yadvṛttāḥ) - whatever the conduct of (whose conduct is such as, of which behavior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yadvṛtta

yadvṛtta - whose conduct is such as, of which behavior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yad+vṛtta)

• yad – which, what, that
  pronoun (neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, happened, been
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt 'to be, exist'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

सन्ति (santi) - are (are, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural

From root as (class 2).

Root: as (class 2)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the first 'santi'.

तद्वृत्ताः (tadvṛttāḥ) - whose conduct is similar to that (whose conduct is such, of that behavior)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tadvṛtta

tadvṛtta - whose conduct is such, of that behavior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+vṛtta)

• tad – that, that one
  pronoun (neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, happened, been
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt 'to be, exist'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'prajāḥ'.

सन्ति (santi) - are (are, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural

From root as (class 2).

Root: as (class 2)

हि (hi) - for, certainly (introduces a reason/explanation) (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positive particle.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny, creation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, progeny, creation, offspring

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second 'santi'.