वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-16

सो ऽहं पितुर्निदेशं तु किमर्थं नानुपालये ।
सत्यप्रतिश्रवः सत्यं सत्येन समयीकृतः ॥१६॥

16. so'haṃ piturnideśaṃ tu kimarthaṃ nānupālaye ,
satyapratiśravaḥ satyaṃ satyena samayīkṛtaḥ.

16. saḥ aham pituḥ nideśam tu kim artham na anupālaye
satyapratiśravaḥ satyam satyena samayīkṛtaḥ

16. saḥ aham satyapratiśravaḥ satyam satyena
samayīkṛtaḥ pituḥ nideśam tu kim artham na anupālaye

16. I, who am true to my word and bound by truth (satya), why should I not uphold my father's command?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that one, he

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• निदेशम् (nideśam) - command, instruction, order

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• किम् (kim) - part of 'kimartham' (for what purpose) (what, why)

• अर्थम् (artham) - part of 'kimartham' (for what purpose) (purpose, meaning, for the sake of)

• न (na) - not

• अनुपालये (anupālaye) - should I follow/uphold

• सत्यप्रतिश्रवः (satyapratiśravaḥ) - one whose promises are true, truthful in vows

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, indeed

• सत्येन (satyena) - by truth, by truthfulness

• समयीकृतः (samayīkṛtaḥ) - bound by agreement, committed by promise

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

निदेशम् (nideśam) - command, instruction, order

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nideśa

nideśa - command, instruction, order, direction

Prefix: ni

Root: diś (class 6)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - part of 'kimartham' (for what purpose) (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as part of the compound 'kimartham'

अर्थम् (artham) - part of 'kimartham' (for what purpose) (purpose, meaning, for the sake of)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth

Note: Functions as part of the compound 'kimartham'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अनुपालये (anupālaye) - should I follow/uphold

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, potential/optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √pāl

Causative of √pā (to protect) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: pāl (class 10)

सत्यप्रतिश्रवः (satyapratiśravaḥ) - one whose promises are true, truthful in vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyapratiśrava

satyapratiśrava - one whose promises are true, truthful in vows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+pratiśrava)

• satya – truth, true, real, sincere
  noun (neuter)
• pratiśrava – promise, assent, agreement, hearing
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: śru (class 5)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, indeed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, sincere

Note: Used adverbially here

सत्येन (satyena) - by truth, by truthfulness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, sincere

समयीकृतः (samayīkṛtaḥ) - bound by agreement, committed by promise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samayīkṛta

samayīkṛta - made according to agreement, bound by promise

Past Passive Participle

Derived from samaya + kṛ (done, made)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samaya+kṛta)

• samaya – agreement, convention, promise, appointed time
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: sam+a
  Root: i (class 2)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: kṛ (class 8)