वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-12

उद्विजन्ते यथा सर्पान्नरादनृतवादिनः ।
धर्मः सत्यं परो लोके मूलं स्वर्गस्य चोच्यते ॥१२॥

12. udvijante yathā sarpānnarādanṛtavādinaḥ ,
dharmaḥ satyaṃ paro loke mūlaṃ svargasya cocyate.

12. udvijante yathā sarpāt narāt anṛtavādinaḥ |
dharmaḥ satyam paraḥ loke mūlam svargasya ca ucyate

12. yathā sarpāt narāt anṛtavādinaḥ udvijante loke
dharmaḥ satyam paraḥ svargasya mūlam ca ucyate

12. Just as people recoil from snakes, so do they from liars. (Natural law) dharma and truth are considered supreme in the world, and are said to be the root of heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्विजन्ते (udvijante) - they recoil, they are frightened

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

• नरात् (narāt) - from a person, from a man

• अनृतवादिनः (anṛtavādinaḥ) - from a liar, from one speaking untruth

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (Natural law) dharma (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven, of the celestial realm

• च (ca) - and, also

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

Words meanings and morphology

उद्विजन्ते (udvijante) - they recoil, they are frightened

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of ud-vij

3rd person plural, present tense

Present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd plural.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Used with verbs of fear/recoiling.

नरात् (narāt) - from a person, from a man

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Used with verbs of fear/recoiling.

अनृतवादिनः (anṛtavādinaḥ) - from a liar, from one speaking untruth

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anṛtavādin

anṛtavādin - speaking untruth, liar

Agent noun from `anṛta` + `vādin` (from root `vad` + `in` suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anṛta+vādin)

• anṛta – untruth, false, unreal
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of 'ṛta' (truth, order).
  Prefix: a
• vādin – speaker, speaking
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'vad' (to speak) + -in suffix.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to a liar.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (Natural law) dharma (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion, custom

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real, virtuous

Derived from 'sat' (being, existence), from root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, distant

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, society

Root: lok (class 1)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, base

स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven, of the celestial realm

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode, paradise

Root: svar

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice

Present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd singular, passive voice form derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)