वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-21

कायेन कुरुते पापं मनसा संप्रधार्य च ।
अनृतं जिह्वया चाह त्रिविधं कर्म पातकम् ॥२१॥

21. kāyena kurute pāpaṃ manasā saṃpradhārya ca ,
anṛtaṃ jihvayā cāha trividhaṃ karma pātakam.

21. kāyena kurute pāpam manasā saṃpradhārya ca
anṛtam jihvayā ca āha trividham karma pātakam

21. kāyena pāpam kurute manasā ca saṃpradhārya
jihvayā ca anṛtam āha trividham karma pātakam

21. One commits sin with the body, having first firmly resolved it in the mind, and speaks falsehood with the tongue. This threefold action (karma) is sinful.

Words meanings summery:

• कायेन (kāyena) - by the body

• कुरुते (kurute) - performs, does, makes

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

• संप्रधार्य (saṁpradhārya) - having firmly resolved, having thoroughly considered

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, false

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue, with the tongue

• च (ca) - and, also

• आह (āha) - speaks, says, has said

• त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

• पातकम् (pātakam) - sinful (sinful, causing fall, a great sin)

Words meanings and morphology

कायेन (kāyena) - by the body

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, aggregate

From root 'ci' (to collect, heap up).

Root: ci (class 5)

कुरुते (kurute) - performs, does, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Present middle indicative

Present tense (laṭ) middle voice form of root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The active form is 'karoti'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, bad action, harmful

Note: Can also be an adjective (sinful).

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

संप्रधार्य (saṁpradhārya) - having firmly resolved, having thoroughly considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, false

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false, dishonest

Compound of 'an-' (negation) and 'ṛta' (truth, cosmic order).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, non, un-
  prefix
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteous, proper
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, rise).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - by the tongue, with the tongue

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, language

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आह (āha) - speaks, says, has said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of ah

Perfect active indicative (atemporal)

Perfect form, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'ah'. Used with a present sense.

Root: ah (class 2)

त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold, of three kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trividha

trividha - threefold, of three kinds

Compound: 'tri' (three) + 'vidha' (kind, sort).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+vidha)

• tri – three
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, way
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhā' (to place, put) or 'vid' (to know).

Note: Adjective modifying 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पातकम् (pātakam) - sinful (sinful, causing fall, a great sin)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātaka

pātaka - sinful, causing a fall, a great sin, a heinous crime

From root 'pat' (to fall) with suffix '-aka'.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'karma'.