वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-30

सत्यं च धर्मं च पराक्रमं च भूतानुकम्पां प्रियवादितां च ।
द्विजातिदेवातिथिपूजनं च पन्थानमाहुस्त्रिदिवस्य सन्तः ॥३०॥

30. satyaṃ ca dharmaṃ ca parākramaṃ ca bhūtānukampāṃ priyavāditāṃ ca ,
dvijātidevātithipūjanaṃ ca panthānamāhustridivasya santaḥ.

30. satyam ca dharmam ca parākramam
ca bhūtānukampām priyavāditām
ca dvijātidevātithipūjanam ca
panthānam āhuḥ tridivasya santaḥ

30. santaḥ satyam ca dharmam ca
parākramam ca bhūtānukampām priyavāditām
ca dvijātidevātithipūjanam
ca tridivasya panthānam āhuḥ

30. The virtuous declare that truth, natural law (dharma), valor, compassion for all beings, pleasant speech, and the veneration of Brahmins (dvijāti), gods, and guests constitute the path to heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, law)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor (valor, heroism, strength)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भूतानुकम्पाम् (bhūtānukampām) - compassion for all beings (compassion for beings)

• प्रियवादिताम् (priyavāditām) - pleasant speech (pleasant speech, agreeableness in speech)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• द्विजातिदेवातिथिपूजनम् (dvijātidevātithipūjanam) - the veneration of Brahmins (dvijāti), gods, and guests (worship of Brahmins, gods, and guests)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path (path, way, road)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• त्रिदिवस्य (tridivasya) - to heaven (lit. of heaven) (of heaven, of the three heavens)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous (good people, virtuous, existing ones)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, true

From `sat` (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `satyam` and `dharmam`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, constitution

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `parākramam` and `bhūtānukampām`.

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - valor (valor, heroism, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - strength, valor, heroism, prowess

From `parā-kram` (to step forth, to be powerful).

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भूतानुकम्पाम् (bhūtānukampām) - compassion for all beings (compassion for beings)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūtānukampā

bhūtānukampā - compassion for creatures/beings

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhūta+anukampā)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, what has been
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhū` (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• anukampā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  From `anu-kamp` (to tremble with, feel for).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

प्रियवादिताम् (priyavāditām) - pleasant speech (pleasant speech, agreeableness in speech)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyavāditā

priyavāditā - pleasant speech, agreeableness in speaking

From `priyavādin` + `tā` (abstract suffix).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (priya+vādin)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, declaring
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (nini)
  From root `vad` (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `priyavāditām` and `dvijātidevātithipūjanam`.

द्विजातिदेवातिथिपूजनम् (dvijātidevātithipūjanam) - the veneration of Brahmins (dvijāti), gods, and guests (worship of Brahmins, gods, and guests)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvijātidevātithipūjana

dvijātidevātithipūjana - worship of the twice-born, gods, and guests

Compound type : Dvandva followed by Tatpuruṣa (dvijāti+deva+atithi+pūjana)

• dvijāti – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, specifically Brahmin in context)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• atithi – guest, visitor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)
• pūjana – worship, veneration, honoring
  noun (neuter)
  From root `pūj` (to worship).
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the list of virtues.

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path (path, way, road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

Irregular masculine noun.

Root: path

Note: Direct object of `āhuḥ`.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of brū

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Suppletive verb, uses forms from `ah`.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

त्रिदिवस्य (tridivasya) - to heaven (lit. of heaven) (of heaven, of the three heavens)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tridiva

tridiva - heaven, the third heaven (highest)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tri+diva)

• tri – three
  numeral
• diva – heaven, sky, day
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `panthānam`.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous (good people, virtuous, existing ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, being

Present Active Participle

From root `as` (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of `āhuḥ`.