वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-101, verse-31

धर्मे रताः सत्पुरुषैः समेतास्तेजस्विनो दानगुणप्रधानाः ।
अहिंसका वीतमलाश्च लोके भवन्ति पूज्या मुनयः प्रधानाः ॥३१॥

31. dharme ratāḥ satpuruṣaiḥ sametāstejasvino dānaguṇapradhānāḥ ,
ahiṃsakā vītamalāśca loke bhavanti pūjyā munayaḥ pradhānāḥ.

31. dharme ratāḥ satpuruṣaiḥ sametāḥ
tejasvinaḥ dānaguṇapradhānāḥ
ahiṃsakāḥ vītamalāḥ ca loke
bhavanti pūjyāḥ munayaḥ pradhānāḥ

31. munayaḥ dharme ratāḥ satpuruṣaiḥ
sametāḥ tejasvinaḥ
dānaguṇapradhānāḥ ahiṃsakāḥ vītamalāḥ
ca loke pūjyāḥ pradhānāḥ bhavanti

31. Sages (munayaḥ) who are devoted to their intrinsic nature (dharma), associated with good people, radiant, and pre-eminent in the virtue of giving (dāna), who are non-violent and free from impurities, become revered and prominent in the world.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in the intrinsic nature, in constitution, in righteousness

• रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, absorbed

• सत्पुरुषैः (satpuruṣaiḥ) - by good people, with good people

• समेताः (sametāḥ) - associated, joined, assembled

• तेजस्विनः (tejasvinaḥ) - radiant, glorious, energetic, powerful

• दानगुणप्रधानाः (dānaguṇapradhānāḥ) - pre-eminent in the quality of giving, foremost in the virtue of charity

• अहिंसकाः (ahiṁsakāḥ) - non-violent

• वीतमलाः (vītamalāḥ) - free from impurities, blemishless

• च (ca) - and, also

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• पूज्याः (pūjyāḥ) - venerable, to be worshipped, respected

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

• प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - chief, prominent, principal

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in the intrinsic nature, in constitution, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, absorbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rata

rata - devoted, engaged, absorbed, attached

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, to sport)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective here.

सत्पुरुषैः (satpuruṣaiḥ) - by good people, with good people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of satpuruṣa

satpuruṣa - a good man, a virtuous person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+puruṣa)

• sat – good, virtuous, existing, true
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

समेताः (sametāḥ) - associated, joined, assembled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sameta

sameta - associated with, accompanied by, joined

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Acts as an adjective here.

तेजस्विनः (tejasvinaḥ) - radiant, glorious, energetic, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, glorious, energetic, powerful, spirited

Derived from tejas (splendor, energy)

दानगुणप्रधानाः (dānaguṇapradhānāḥ) - pre-eminent in the quality of giving, foremost in the virtue of charity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānaguṇapradhāna

dānaguṇapradhāna - pre-eminent in the quality of giving

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāna+guṇa+pradhāna)

• dāna – giving, gift, charity (dāna)
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent
  noun (masculine)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhā (class 3)

अहिंसकाः (ahiṁsakāḥ) - non-violent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ahiṃsaka

ahiṁsaka - non-violent, harmless

From a (negation) + hiṃsaka (hurting)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsaka)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• hiṃsaka – hurting, injuring, causing harm
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root hiṃs (to injure)
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

वीतमलाः (vītamalāḥ) - free from impurities, blemishless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vītamala

vītamala - free from impurities, blemishless, pure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+mala)

• vīta – gone, departed, ceased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• mala – impurity, dirt, blemish, sin
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

From root lok (to see)

Root: lok (class 1)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

पूज्याः (pūjyāḥ) - venerable, to be worshipped, respected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūjya

pūjya - venerable, respectable, worthy of worship

Gerundive

From root pūj (to worship, honor)

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Acts as an adjective here.

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, recluse

Root: man (class 4)

प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - chief, prominent, principal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, prominent

From prefix pra + root dhā (to place, to hold)

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)