वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-54, verse-12

स गत्वा हिमवत्पार्श्वं किंनरोरगसेवितम् ।
महादेवप्रसादार्थं तपस्तेपे महातपाः ॥१२॥

12. sa gatvā himavatpārśvaṃ kiṃnaroragasevitam ,
mahādevaprasādārthaṃ tapastepe mahātapāḥ.

12. saḥ gatvā himavat pārśvam kiṃnaroraga sevitam
mahādeva prasāda artham tapas tepe mahātapāḥ

12. That great ascetic, having gone to the side of the Himalayas, which was frequented by Kinnaras and serpents, performed severe austerities (tapas) to gain the grace of Mahadeva.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• हिमवत् (himavat) - referring to the Himalayas (snowy, related to snow, the Himalaya mountain)

• पार्श्वम् (pārśvam) - the side or vicinity of the Himalayas (side, flank, vicinity)

• किंनरोरग (kiṁnaroraga) - Kinnaras and Uragas (serpents)

• सेवितम् (sevitam) - frequented/attended by Kinnaras and Uragas (served, frequented, attended, resorted to)

• महादेव (mahādeva) - Lord Shiva (Great God, Shiva)

• प्रसाद (prasāda) - grace or favor of Mahadeva (grace, favor, blessing, clarity)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, meaning, object, wealth)

• तपस् (tapas) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• तेपे (tepe) - he performed (austerities) (he performed (austerities), he heated himself)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - (Vishvamitra) the great ascetic (great ascetic, one of great penance)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Root: gam (class 1)

हिमवत् (himavat) - referring to the Himalayas (snowy, related to snow, the Himalaya mountain)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - snowy, icy, the Himalaya mountain (as an adjective or noun)

Possessive adjective from 'hima' (snow)

Note: Used as part of a compound. The 't' ending is retained as it's the stem form before certain sounds or in compound breaks.

पार्श्वम् (pārśvam) - the side or vicinity of the Himalayas (side, flank, vicinity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

किंनरोरग (kiṁnaroraga) - Kinnaras and Uragas (serpents)

(noun)

masculine, plural of kiṃnaroraga

kiṁnaroraga - Kinnaras and Uragas

Compound type : dvandva (kiṃnara+uraga)

• kiṃnara – a mythical being, half-man and half-horse (or bird), celestial musician
  noun (masculine)
• uraga – a serpent, a snake (literally 'moving on the breast')
  noun (masculine)

Note: First part of a Tatpuruṣa compound with 'sevitam'.

सेवितम् (sevitam) - frequented/attended by Kinnaras and Uragas (served, frequented, attended, resorted to)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sev

sev - to serve, attend, frequent, cultivate

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Formed from root 'sev' with suffix '-ita'. Agrees with 'pārśvam' in gender, number, and case.

महादेव (mahādeva) - Lord Shiva (Great God, Shiva)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - Great God, an epithet of Shiva

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+deva)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

प्रसाद (prasāda) - grace or favor of Mahadeva (grace, favor, blessing, clarity)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, blessing, clarity, serenity

Derived from 'pra-' + root 'sad' (to sit, settle down).

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, meaning, object, wealth)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often functions as an indeclinable with a preceding noun to denote purpose.

तपस् (tapas) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance (tapas), heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

तेपे (tepe) - he performed (austerities) (he performed (austerities), he heated himself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The middle voice implies the action is done for oneself, fitting for performing tapas.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - (Vishvamitra) the great ascetic (great ascetic, one of great penance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one who performs great austerities (tapas)

Derived from 'mahā' (great) and 'tapas' (austerity).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence, Vishvamitra.