वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-50, verse-17

राजाभूदेष धर्मात्मा दीर्घ कालमरिंदमः ।
धर्मज्ञः कृतविद्यश्च प्रजानां च हिते रतः ॥१७॥

17. rājābhūdeṣa dharmātmā dīrgha kālamariṃdamaḥ ,
dharmajñaḥ kṛtavidyaśca prajānāṃ ca hite rataḥ.

17. rājā abhūt eṣa dharmātmā dīrgham kālam arindamaḥ
dharmajñaḥ kṛtavidyaḥ ca prajānām ca hite rataḥ

17. eṣaḥ rājā,
dharmātmā,
arindamaḥ (ca),
dīrgham kālam abhūt.
(saḥ) dharmajñaḥ,
kṛtavidyaḥ ca,
prajānām hite ca rataḥ (āsīt).

17. This one (Viśvāmitra) was a king for a long time, righteous in nature (dharmātmā), and a subduer of enemies. He was knowledgeable of natural law (dharma), accomplished in his studies, and devoted to the welfare of his subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - Viśvāmitra's former status. (king, ruler)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - he existed as a king. (was, became)

• एष (eṣa) - refers to Viśvāmitra. (this one, he)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - possessed of a righteous nature. (righteous, virtuous, high-minded, whose nature is dharma)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - for a long period of time. (long)

• कालम् (kālam) - duration of his reign. (time, period)

• अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - Viśvāmitra was a powerful king. (subduer of enemies)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - he understood the principles of righteous conduct. (knowing (natural law) dharma, righteous, skilled in duty)

• कृतविद्यः (kṛtavidyaḥ) - he completed his education and was learned. (accomplished in learning, educated, learned)

• च (ca) - connects dharmajñaḥ and kṛtavidyaḥ. (and, also)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - referring to his royal subjects. (of the subjects, of the people, of the progeny)

• च (ca) - emphasis or coordination. (and, also)

• हिते (hite) - in the well-being of his subjects. (in the welfare, in the benefit)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to the welfare of his subjects. (devoted, engaged, delighting in)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - Viśvāmitra's former status. (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From √rāj (to rule, shine).

Root: rāj (class 1)

अभूत् (abhūt) - he existed as a king. (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of abhūt

aorist

Root √bhū (class 1). Third person singular aorist.

Root: bhū (class 1)

एष (eṣa) - refers to Viśvāmitra. (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - possessed of a righteous nature. (righteous, virtuous, high-minded, whose nature is dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, pious, whose soul is (natural law) dharma (dharmātmā)

Compound of dharma and ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to eṣa.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - for a long period of time. (long)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extensive

Note: Qualifies kālam.

कालम् (kālam) - duration of his reign. (time, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Root: kal (class 10)

अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - Viśvāmitra was a powerful king. (subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, victorious

Compound of ari (enemy) + dam (to subdue).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (ari+dam)

• ari – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
  From √ṛ (to go).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• dama – to subdue, to tame, to restrain
  verb root
  agent noun from root
  From √dam.
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Refers to eṣa.

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - he understood the principles of righteous conduct. (knowing (natural law) dharma, righteous, skilled in duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing (natural law) dharma, righteous, skilled in duty/law (dharma)

Compound of dharma and jña.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective
  agent noun suffix
  From √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to eṣa.

कृतविद्यः (kṛtavidyaḥ) - he completed his education and was learned. (accomplished in learning, educated, learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavidya

kṛtavidya - one who has acquired knowledge, learned, educated

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (done) + vidyā (knowledge).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+vidyā)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  past passive participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, education
  noun (feminine)
  From √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to eṣa.

च (ca) - connects dharmajñaḥ and kṛtavidyaḥ. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - referring to his royal subjects. (of the subjects, of the people, of the progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

From pra + √jan (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - emphasis or coordination. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

हिते (hite) - in the well-being of his subjects. (in the welfare, in the benefit)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - welfare, benefit, good, advantageous

past passive participle

From √dhā (to place), with prefix hi. Often used as a noun meaning welfare.

Root: dhā (class 3)

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to the welfare of his subjects. (devoted, engaged, delighting in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - delighted in, devoted to, engaged in, attached to

past passive participle

From √ram (to delight, rejoice, rest).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Refers to eṣa.