वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-40, verse-1

पुत्रांश्चिरगताञ्ज्ञात्वा सगरो रघुनन्दन ।
नप्तारमब्रवीद् राजा दीप्यमानं स्वतेजसा ॥१॥

1. putrāṃściragatāñjñātvā sagaro raghunandana ,
naptāramabravīd rājā dīpyamānaṃ svatejasā.

1. putrān ciragatān jñātvā sagaraḥ raghunandana
naptāram abravīt rājā dīpyamānam svatejasā

1. raghunandana,
rājā sagaraḥ ciragatān putrān jñātvā,
svatejasā dīpyamānam naptāram abravīt

1. O scion of Raghu, King Sagara, realizing his sons had been gone for a long time, spoke to his grandson, who was shining with his own splendor.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• चिरगतान् (ciragatān) - long gone, having gone for a long time

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having realized

• सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (a king's name)

• रघुनन्दन (raghunandana) - O scion/delight of Raghu (epithet of Rama)

• नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• राजा (rājā) - King Sagara (king)

• दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing

• स्वतेजसा (svatejasā) - by his own splendor/might

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

चिरगतान् (ciragatān) - long gone, having gone for a long time

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ciragata

ciragata - long gone, having departed for a long time

Compound type : tatpuruşa (cira+gata)

• cira – long time
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam + suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used actively here, 'who had gone'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having realized

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root jñā + suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (a king's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (a mythical king)

रघुनन्दन (raghunandana) - O scion/delight of Raghu (epithet of Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of Raghu, scion of Raghu

Compound type : tatpuruşa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (an ancient king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight
  noun (masculine)
  from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect

Root: brū (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - King Sagara (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Appositive to 'sagaraḥ'.

दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpyamāna

dīpyamāna - shining, blazing, glowing

Present Middle Participle

from root dīp + suffix -yamāna

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'naptāram'.

स्वतेजसा (svatejasā) - by his own splendor/might

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svatejas

svatejas - one's own splendor, one's own might/energy

Compound type : tatpuruşa (sva+tejas)

• sva – one's own
  pronoun
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, might
  noun (neuter)

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