वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-40, verse-19

गङ्गा हिमवतो ज्येष्ठा दुहिता पुरुषर्षभ ।
भस्मराशीकृतानेतान्पावयेल् लोकपावनी ॥१९॥

19. gaṅgā himavato jyeṣṭhā duhitā puruṣarṣabha ,
bhasmarāśīkṛtānetānpāvayel lokapāvanī.

19. gaṅgā himavataḥ jyeṣṭhā duhitā puruṣarṣabha
bhasmarāśīkṛtān etān pāvayet lokapāvanī

19. puruṣarṣabha gaṅgā himavataḥ jyeṣṭhā duhitā
sā lokapāvanī etān bhasmarāśīkṛtān pāvayet

19. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), Gaṅgā is the eldest daughter of Himavat. She, the purifier of the worlds, should purify these (ancestors) who have been reduced to piles of ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (the river/goddess)

• हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - of Himavat, of the Himalayas

• ज्येष्ठा (jyeṣṭhā) - eldest, senior, chief

• दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O bull among men

• भस्मराशीकृतान् (bhasmarāśīkṛtān) - those turned into piles of ashes, reduced to heaps of ash

• एतान् (etān) - these

• पावयेत् (pāvayet) - should purify

• लोकपावनी (lokapāvanī) - purifier of the worlds

Words meanings and morphology

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (the river/goddess)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - The river Ganges; the goddess Gaṅgā

हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - of Himavat, of the Himalayas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - Himavat (the Himalayas personified as a mountain king)

Possessive suffix -vat.

ज्येष्ठा (jyeṣṭhā) - eldest, senior, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, chief, best

Superlative degree of 'yuvan' (young) or 'vṛddha' (old).

दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O bull among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, eminent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

भस्मराशीकृतान् (bhasmarāśīkṛtān) - those turned into piles of ashes, reduced to heaps of ash

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhasmarāśīkṛta

bhasmarāśīkṛta - turned into piles of ashes, incinerated and heaped as ash

Past Passive Participle (kṛta)

Compound: bhasman (ash) + rāśi (heap) + kṛta (made). Formed with the verb 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhasman+rāśi+kṛta)

• bhasman – ash, cinders
  noun (neuter)
• rāśi – heap, pile, quantity
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

एतान् (etān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

पावयेत् (pāvayet) - should purify

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pū

Root verb, causative form.

Root: pū (class 9)

लोकपावनी (lokapāvanī) - purifier of the worlds

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of lokapāvanī

lokapāvanī - purifier of the worlds, sanctifier of the people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pāvanī)

• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• pāvanī – purifier, sanctifier (feminine)
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'pū' (to purify).
  Root: pū (class 9)