वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-40, verse-12

तेषां तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा जगाम लघुविक्रमः ।
भस्मराशीकृता यत्र पितरस्तस्य सागराः ॥१२॥

12. teṣāṃ tadvacanaṃ śrutvā jagāma laghuvikramaḥ ,
bhasmarāśīkṛtā yatra pitarastasya sāgarāḥ.

12. teṣām tat vacanam śrutvā jagāma laghuvikramaḥ
bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ yatra pitaraḥ tasya sāgarāḥ

12. teṣām tat vacanam śrutvā laghuvikramaḥ (saḥ) jagāma
yatra tasya sāgarāḥ pitaraḥ bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ (āsan)

12. Having heard those words of theirs, he, swift-footed, went to the place where his ancestors, the sons of Sagara, had been reduced to heaps of ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the guardians of the quarters) (of them, their)

• तत् (tat) - that (statement/word) (that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement (of the diśāpāla) (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (their statement) (having heard)

• जगाम (jagāma) - Bhagiratha (implied subject) went (he went, he proceeded)

• लघुविक्रमः (laghuvikramaḥ) - he (Bhagiratha) with swift stride (having swift steps, swift-footed, agile)

• भस्मराशीकृताः (bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ) - the ancestors who were reduced to ash heaps (turned into heaps of ashes)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (the ancestors were) (where, in which place)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - his ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Bhagiratha) (of him, his)

• सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - the sons of (King) Sagara (sons of Sagara, belonging to Sagara)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the guardians of the quarters) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From `tad` (masculine plural genitive)

तत् (tat) - that (statement/word) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From `tad` (neuter singular accusative), modifying `vacanam`

वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement (of the diśāpāla) (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) + suffix `ana`

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (their statement) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `śru` (to hear) + suffix `tvā`

Root: śru (class 5)

जगाम (jagāma) - Bhagiratha (implied subject) went (he went, he proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of gam

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Irregular perfect form of root `gam`

Root: gam (class 1)

लघुविक्रमः (laghuvikramaḥ) - he (Bhagiratha) with swift stride (having swift steps, swift-footed, agile)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghuvikrama

laghuvikrama - swift in courage or stride, active, agile

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+vikrama)

• laghu – light, quick, swift
  adjective
  Root: lagh (class 1)
• vikrama – step, stride, valor, might
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kram` (to step) with prefix `vi`
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with the implied subject

भस्मराशीकृताः (bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ) - the ancestors who were reduced to ash heaps (turned into heaps of ashes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhasmarāśīkṛta

bhasmarāśīkṛta - made into a heap of ashes, reduced to ashes

Past Passive Participle

Formed from `bhasmarāśi` (heap of ashes) + `kṛta` (made)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhasmarāśi+kṛta)

• bhasman – ash, cinders
  noun (neuter)
  From root `bhās` (to shine)
  Root: bhās (class 1)
• rāśi – heap, pile, quantity
  noun (masculine)
  From root `rāś` (to collect)
  Root: rāś (class 1)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + suffix `ta`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `pitaraḥ sāgarāḥ`

यत्र (yatra) - where (the ancestors were) (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

From `ya` (relative pronoun) + `tra` (locative suffix)

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - his ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Bhagiratha) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From `tad` (masculine singular genitive)

सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - the sons of (King) Sagara (sons of Sagara, belonging to Sagara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - relating to Sagara, descendant of Sagara

Patronymic derivative from Sagara