वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-40, verse-10

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा सर्वानेव दिशागजान् ।
यथाक्रमं यथान्यायं प्रष्टुं समुपचक्रमे ॥१०॥

10. tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā sarvāneva diśāgajān ,
yathākramaṃ yathānyāyaṃ praṣṭuṃ samupacakrame.

10. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā sarvān eva diśāgajān
yathākramam yathānyāyam praṣṭum samupacakrame

10. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā saḥ (implied) sarvān eva
diśāgajān yathākramam yathānyāyam praṣṭum samupacakrame

10. Upon hearing those words of his, he then began to question all the elephants of the quarters in due order and properly.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Bhagiratha (implied subject from context) (of him, his)

• तत् (tat) - that (statement/word) (that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement (of Bhagiratha) (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (that statement) (having heard)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (the directional elephants) (all)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'all' (indeed, just, only)

• दिशागजान् (diśāgajān) - the celestial elephants guarding the quarters (directional elephants, elephants of the quarters)

• यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in the correct sequence (in due order, successively)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in a proper and appropriate manner (according to justice, properly, rightly)

• प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to question (the elephants) (to ask, to question)

• समुपचक्रमे (samupacakrame) - he began (to question) (began, undertook, commenced)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Bhagiratha (implied subject from context) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From `tad` (masculine singular genitive)

तत् (tat) - that (statement/word) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From `tad` (neuter singular accusative), modifying `vacanam`

वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement (of Bhagiratha) (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) + suffix `ana`

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (that statement) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `śru` (to hear) + suffix `tvā`

Root: śru (class 5)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (the directional elephants) (all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'all' (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

दिशागजान् (diśāgajān) - the celestial elephants guarding the quarters (directional elephants, elephants of the quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of diśāgaja

diśāgaja - elephant of a quarter, directional elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (diś+gaja)

• diś – direction, quarter of the sky
  noun (feminine)
  Root: diś (class 6)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  From root `gaj` (to sound, roar)
  Root: gaj (class 1)

यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in the correct sequence (in due order, successively)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+krama)

• yathā – as, like, in which way
  indeclinable
• krama – step, order, sequence
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kram` (to step, walk)
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adverbial compound

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in a proper and appropriate manner (according to justice, properly, rightly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, like, in which way
  indeclinable
• nyāya – rule, justice, right, method
  noun (masculine)
  From `ni` + root `i` (to go)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial compound

प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to question (the elephants) (to ask, to question)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root `prach` (to ask) + suffix `tum`

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

समुपचक्रमे (samupacakrame) - he began (to question) (began, undertook, commenced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of samupakram

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root `kram` (to step, go) with prefixes `sam` and `upa`

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: kram (class 1)