वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-4, verse-15

ते प्रीतमनसः सर्वे मुनयो धर्मवत्सलाः ।
प्रशशंसुः प्रशस्तव्यौ गायमानौ कुशीलवौ ॥१५॥

15. te prītamanasaḥ sarve munayo dharmavatsalāḥ ,
praśaśaṃsuḥ praśastavyau gāyamānau kuśīlavau.

15. te prītamanasaḥ sarve munayaḥ dharmavatsalāḥ
praśaśaṃsuḥ praśastavyau gāyamānau kuśīlavau

15. te sarve munayaḥ prītamanasaḥ dharmavatsalāḥ
praśaśaṃsuḥ kuśīlavau gāyamānau praśastavyau

15. All those sages, with pleased minds and devoted to natural law (dharma), praised Kuśa and Lava, the two singers who were worthy of acclaim.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (sages) (those, they)

• प्रीतमनसः (prītamanasaḥ) - the sages, whose minds were pleased (by the song) (with pleased minds, glad-hearted)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the sages (all, every)

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - all the assembled sages (sages, ascetics, hermits)

• धर्मवत्सलाः (dharmavatsalāḥ) - the sages who upheld natural law (devoted to dharma, fond of righteousness)

• प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - the sages praised Kuśa and Lava (they praised, they applauded)

• प्रशस्तव्यौ (praśastavyau) - Kuśa and Lava, who were deserving of praise (two worthy of praise, two to be praised, two laudable)

• गायमानौ (gāyamānau) - Kuśa and Lava, who were in the act of singing (two singing, two chanting)

• कुशीलवौ (kuśīlavau) - the two boys, Kuśa and Lava, sons of Rāma (Kuśa and Lava (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (sages) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural nominative

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

प्रीतमनसः (prītamanasaḥ) - the sages, whose minds were pleased (by the song) (with pleased minds, glad-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prītamanas

prītamanas - pleased in mind, glad-hearted

Bahuvrihi compound of prīta (pleased) and manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prīta+manas)

• prīta – pleased, delighted, beloved
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √prī (to please, love) + kta (past participle suffix)
  Root: √prī (class 9)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all the sages (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun, masculine plural nominative

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - all the assembled sages (sages, ascetics, hermits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired person

Note: Subject of `praśaśaṃsuḥ`.

धर्मवत्सलाः (dharmavatsalāḥ) - the sages who upheld natural law (devoted to dharma, fond of righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - devoted to dharma, fond of righteousness

Compound of dharma (natural law) and vatsala (fond, affectionate)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support) + man (suffix)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – fond, affectionate, devoted
  adjective
  From vatsa (calf, child) + la (suffix)

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - the sages praised Kuśa and Lava (they praised, they applauded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-√śaṃs

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person plural active of √śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: √śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is `munayaḥ`.

प्रशस्तव्यौ (praśastavyau) - Kuśa and Lava, who were deserving of praise (two worthy of praise, two to be praised, two laudable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of praśastavya

praśastavya - worthy of praise, laudable, to be praised

Gerundive (Kartari/Karmani)

From pra-√śaṃs (to praise) + tavya (gerundive suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: √śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kuśīlavau`.

गायमानौ (gāyamānau) - Kuśa and Lava, who were in the act of singing (two singing, two chanting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of gāyamāna

gāyamāna - singing, chanting

Present Middle Participle

From √gai (to sing) + śānac (present middle participle suffix)

Root: √gai (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kuśīlavau`.

कुशीलवौ (kuśīlavau) - the two boys, Kuśa and Lava, sons of Rāma (Kuśa and Lava (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kuśīlava

kuśīlava - Kuśa and Lava, bards, singers (referring to the two sons of Rāma)

Dvandva compound of Kuśa and Lava

Compound type : dvandva (kuśa+lava)

• kuśa – Kuśa (name), grass
  proper noun (masculine)
  Proper noun
• lava – Lava (name), fragment
  proper noun (masculine)
  Proper noun

Note: Object of `praśaśaṃsuḥ`.