वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-4, verse-14

तच्छ्रुत्वा मुनयः सर्वे बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणाः ।
साधु साध्वित्य् ताव् ऊचतुः परं विस्मयमागताः ॥१४॥

14. tacchrutvā munayaḥ sarve bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ ,
sādhu sādhvity tāv ūcatuḥ paraṃ vismayamāgatāḥ.

14. tat śrutvā munayaḥ sarve bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ
sādhu sādhu iti tau ūcatuḥ param vismayam āgatāḥ

14. sarve munayaḥ bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ tat śrutvā
param vismayam āgatāḥ tau sādhu sādhu iti ūcatuḥ

14. Having heard that, all the sages, their eyes agitated with tears, exclaimed to those two, 'Excellent! Excellent!' and were filled with great astonishment.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that song/epic they just heard (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - the sages having heard the epic (having heard)

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - all the assembled sages (sages, ascetics, hermits)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the sages (all, every)

• बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणाः (bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ) - the sages' eyes, filled with tears of emotion (whose eyes are agitated by tears, with tear-filled eyes)

• साधु (sādhu) - 'Well done!' (an exclamation of praise) (good, well done, excellent)

• साधु (sādhu) - 'Well done!' (an exclamation of praise, repeated for emphasis) (good, well done, excellent)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech 'sādhu sādhu' (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• तौ (tau) - to Kuśa and Lava (those two)

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - the sages said (to Kuśa and Lava) (they two said)

• परम् (param) - extreme wonder (great, supreme, extreme, highest)

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - great astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - having reached (a state of) great astonishment (having come, having attained, having reached)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that song/epic they just heard (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - the sages having heard the epic (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √śru (to hear) + ktvā suffix

Root: √śru (class 5)

Note: Acts adverbially.

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - all the assembled sages (sages, ascetics, hermits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired person

Note: Subject of `ūcatuḥ` and `āgatāḥ`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all the sages (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun, masculine plural nominative

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणाः (bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ) - the sages' eyes, filled with tears of emotion (whose eyes are agitated by tears, with tear-filled eyes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇa

bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇa - whose eyes are agitated by tears, with tear-filled eyes

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bāṣpa+paryākula+īkṣaṇa)

• bāṣpa – tears, steam
  noun (masculine)
• paryākula – agitated, confused, disturbed
  adjective
  From pari-ā-√kul (to be agitated)
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: √kul (class 1)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, looking, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From √īkṣ (to see) + ana suffix
  Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.

साधु (sādhu) - 'Well done!' (an exclamation of praise) (good, well done, excellent)

(indeclinable)

From √sādh (to accomplish, succeed), functions as an adverb or interjection

Root: √sādh (class 5)

Note: Exclamation.

साधु (sādhu) - 'Well done!' (an exclamation of praise, repeated for emphasis) (good, well done, excellent)

(indeclinable)

From √sādh (to accomplish, succeed), functions as an adverb or interjection

Root: √sādh (class 5)

Note: Exclamation.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech 'sādhu sādhu' (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - to Kuśa and Lava (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine dual accusative

Note: Direct object or dative of reference with `ūcatuḥ`.

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - the sages said (to Kuśa and Lava) (they two said)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person dual active of √vac (to speak), irregular root

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is `munayaḥ sarve`.

परम् (param) - extreme wonder (great, supreme, extreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, different, supreme, highest

Neut. sing. accusative form used adverbially or as object modifier

Note: Agrees with `vismayam`.

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - great astonishment (wonder, astonishment, surprise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise

From vi-√smī (to wonder, be astonished)

Prefix: vi

Root: √smī (class 1)

Note: Object of `āgatāḥ`.

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - having reached (a state of) great astonishment (having come, having attained, having reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√gam (to come) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `munayaḥ`.