वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-4, verse-13

तौ कदा चित् समेतानामृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ।
आसीनानां समीपस्थाविदं काव्यमगायताम् ॥१३॥

13. tau kadā cit sametānāmṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām ,
āsīnānāṃ samīpasthāvidaṃ kāvyamagāyatām.

13. tau kadā cit sametānām ṛṣīṇām bhāvitātmanām
āsīnānām samīpasthau idam kāvyam agāyatām

13. kadā cit tau samīpasthau sametānām ṛṣīṇām
bhāvitātmanām āsīnānām idam kāvyam agāyatām

13. One day, those two, standing near the assembled sages whose souls were purified (bhāvitātman) and who were seated, sang this epic (kāvya).

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Kuśa and Lava (those two)

• कदा (kadā) - at some time, once (when, at what time)

• चित् (cit) - (particle indicating 'some' or 'once') ((particle indicating indefiniteness))

• समेतानाम् (sametānām) - of the sages who had gathered (of those assembled, of those met)

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages present in the assembly (of sages, of seers)

• भावितात्मनाम् (bhāvitātmanām) - of the sages whose inner selves were cultivated (of those with purified souls, of those whose souls are developed)

• आसीनानाम् (āsīnānām) - of the sages who were seated (of those sitting, of those seated)

• समीपस्थौ (samīpasthau) - Kuśa and Lava, standing near the sages (two standing near, two being close)

• इदम् (idam) - this specific epic (Rāmāyaṇa) (this)

• काव्यम् (kāvyam) - the Rāmāyaṇa epic (poem, epic, poetic work)

• अगायताम् (agāyatām) - Kuśa and Lava sang (they two sang)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Kuśa and Lava (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Kuśa and Lava.

कदा (kadā) - at some time, once (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative/indefinite adverb

चित् (cit) - (particle indicating 'some' or 'once') ((particle indicating indefiniteness))

(indeclinable)

समेतानाम् (sametānām) - of the sages who had gathered (of those assembled, of those met)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sameta

sameta - assembled, met, gathered, united

Past Passive Particple

From sam-i (to come together) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: sam

Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `ṛṣīṇām`.

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages present in the assembly (of sages, of seers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

From √ṛṣ (to go, move, flow, know)

Root: √ṛṣ (class 1)

भावितात्मनाम् (bhāvitātmanām) - of the sages whose inner selves were cultivated (of those with purified souls, of those whose souls are developed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhāvitātman

bhāvitātman - purified in soul, cultivated in spirit

Compound of bhāvita (purified, cultivated) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhāvita+ātman)

• bhāvita – caused to be, purified, cultivated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be) in the causative + kta (past participle suffix)
  Root: √bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `ṛṣīṇām`.

आसीनानाम् (āsīnānām) - of the sages who were seated (of those sitting, of those seated)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āsīna

āsīna - sitting, seated

Past Active Participle

From ā-√ās (to sit) + śānac (present participle suffix for middle voice used here in past sense)

Prefix: ā

Root: √ās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `ṛṣīṇām`.

समीपस्थौ (samīpasthau) - Kuśa and Lava, standing near the sages (two standing near, two being close)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samīpastha

samīpastha - standing near, being close

Compound of samīpa (near, proximity) and stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (samīpa+stha)

• samīpa – proximity, nearness, near
  indeclinable
  Often used as an adjective or adverb
• stha – standing, situated, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle (derived from root)
  From √sthā (to stand) + a suffix (kṛt affix)
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tau`.

इदम् (idam) - this specific epic (Rāmāyaṇa) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

Note: Agrees with `kāvyam`.

काव्यम् (kāvyam) - the Rāmāyaṇa epic (poem, epic, poetic work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāvya

kāvya - poem, epic, poetic work, poetry

From kavi (poet) + ya (suffix)

Note: Object of `agāyatām`.

अगायताम् (agāyatām) - Kuśa and Lava sang (they two sang)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √gai

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person dual active of √gai (to sing)

Root: √gai (class 1)