वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-4, verse-12

ऋषीणां च द्विजातीनां साधूनां च समागमे ।
यथोपदेशं तत्त्वज्ञौ जगतुस्तौ समाहितौ ।
महात्मानौ महाभागौ सर्वलक्षणलक्षितौ ॥१२॥

12. ṛṣīṇāṃ ca dvijātīnāṃ sādhūnāṃ ca samāgame ,
yathopadeśaṃ tattvajñau jagatustau samāhitau ,
mahātmānau mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau.

12. ṛṣīṇām ca dvijātīnām ca sādhūnām
samāgame yathopadeśam tattvajñau
jagatuḥ tau samāhitau mahātmānau
mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau

12. tau tattvajñau samāhitau mahātmānau
mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau
ṛṣīṇām ca dvijātīnām ca sādhūnām
samāgame yathopadeśam jagatuḥ

12. In the assembly of sages, brahmins (dvijātin), and virtuous individuals, those two, knowledgeable of the essence, sang attentively according to the instructions. They were great-souled (mahātman), highly fortunate, and endowed with all auspicious marks.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages present in the assembly (of sages, of seers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the brahmins present in the assembly (of twice-born ones, of brahmins, of members of the upper three castes)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous individuals present in the assembly (of virtuous people, of good people, of saints)

• समागमे (samāgame) - in the assembly of sages, brahmins, and virtuous individuals (in the assembly, in the gathering, in the meeting)

• यथोपदेशम् (yathopadeśam) - according to the instructions given to them (according to instruction, as instructed)

• तत्त्वज्ञौ (tattvajñau) - those two (Kuśa and Lava) who knew the essence of the Rāmāyaṇa (two who know the truth, two knowers of reality, two knowledgeable of the essence)

• जगतुः (jagatuḥ) - Kuśa and Lava sang (they two sang)

• तौ (tau) - Kuśa and Lava (those two)

• समाहितौ (samāhitau) - Kuśa and Lava, attentive while singing (two who are concentrated, attentive, composed)

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - Kuśa and Lava, being great-souled (two great-souled, two noble ones, two exalted beings)

• महाभागौ (mahābhāgau) - Kuśa and Lava, being highly fortunate (two highly fortunate, two greatly endowed)

• सर्वलक्षणलक्षितौ (sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau) - Kuśa and Lava, possessing all auspicious physical characteristics (two endowed with all auspicious marks)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages present in the assembly (of sages, of seers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

From √ṛṣ (to go, move, flow, know)

Root: √ṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the brahmins present in the assembly (of twice-born ones, of brahmins, of members of the upper three castes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijātin

dvijātin - twice-born, brahmin, member of the three upper castes

From dvija (born twice) + -in suffix

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jātin)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāta – born, produced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jan (to be born) + kta (past participle suffix)
  Root: √jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous individuals present in the assembly (of virtuous people, of good people, of saints)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, saint

From √sādh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: √sādh (class 5)

समागमे (samāgame) - in the assembly of sages, brahmins, and virtuous individuals (in the assembly, in the gathering, in the meeting)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samāgama

samāgama - assembly, gathering, meeting

From sam-ā-√gam (to come together)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

यथोपदेशम् (yathopadeśam) - according to the instructions given to them (according to instruction, as instructed)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound formed from yathā (as) and upadeśa (instruction)

Compound type : avyayibhāva (yathā+upadeśa)

• yathā – as, in what way, just as
  indeclinable
• upadeśa – instruction, advice, teaching
  noun (masculine)
  From upa-√diś (to point out, instruct)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: √diś (class 6)

तत्त्वज्ञौ (tattvajñau) - those two (Kuśa and Lava) who knew the essence of the Rāmāyaṇa (two who know the truth, two knowers of reality, two knowledgeable of the essence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tattvajña

tattvajña - knower of truth, knowledgeable of reality

Compound of tattva (truth/essence) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  From tad (that) + tva (abstract suffix)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective
  From √jñā (to know) + ka suffix
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Kuśa and Lava.

जगतुः (jagatuḥ) - Kuśa and Lava sang (they two sang)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of √gai

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person dual active of √gai (to sing)

Root: √gai (class 1)

तौ (tau) - Kuśa and Lava (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Kuśa and Lava.

समाहितौ (samāhitau) - Kuśa and Lava, attentive while singing (two who are concentrated, attentive, composed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, attentive, composed, absorbed

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ā-√dhā (to put together, compose) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `tau`.

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - Kuśa and Lava, being great-souled (two great-souled, two noble ones, two exalted beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, exalted, high-minded

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahant
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `tau`.

महाभागौ (mahābhāgau) - Kuśa and Lava, being highly fortunate (two highly fortunate, two greatly endowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, greatly endowed

Compound of mahā (great) and bhāga (share, fortune)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahant
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, lot
  noun (masculine)
  From √bhaj (to divide, share)
  Root: √bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tau`.

सर्वलक्षणलक्षितौ (sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau) - Kuśa and Lava, possessing all auspicious physical characteristics (two endowed with all auspicious marks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sarvalakṣaṇalakṣita

sarvalakṣaṇalakṣita - endowed with all auspicious marks, distinguished by all characteristics

Compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+lakṣaṇa+lakṣita)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, auspicious mark
  noun (neuter)
  From √lakṣ (to observe, mark)
  Root: √lakṣ (class 1)
• lakṣita – marked, characterized, distinguished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √lakṣ (to mark, observe) + kta (past participle suffix)
  Root: √lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tau`.