वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-36, verse-3

यो नः सेनापतिर्देव दत्तो भगवता पुरा ।
स तपः परमास्थाय तप्यते स्म सहोमया ॥३॥

3. yo naḥ senāpatirdeva datto bhagavatā purā ,
sa tapaḥ paramāsthāya tapyate sma sahomayā.

3. yaḥ naḥ senāpatiḥ deva dattaḥ bhagavatā purā
saḥ tapaḥ paramāsthāya tapyate sma saha umayā

3. deva yaḥ naḥ senāpatiḥ purā bhagavatā dattaḥ
saḥ umayā saha paramāsthāya tapaḥ tapyate sma

3. O Lord (Shiva), the one who was formerly designated as our commander by the revered Lord (Brahma)—that very person (you) was performing the highest austerity (tapas) along with Uma.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Skanda, the designated commander) (who, which)

• नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the gods) (to us, our)

• सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - commander (referring to Skanda) (commander of an army, general)

• देव (deva) - O Lord (addressing Shiva) (god, divine being, lord)

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - designated, bestowed (referring to the designation of Skanda as commander) (given, bestowed, assigned)

• भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the revered Lord (Brahma) (by the revered one, by the divine lord)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• सः (saḥ) - that very person (referring to Shiva) (he, that one)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• परमास्थाय (paramāsthāya) - having undertaken the highest (austerity) (having firmly undertaken, having resorted to the highest)

• तप्यते (tapyate) - was performing penance (performs penance, is heated, suffers)

• स्म (sma) - (transforms present tapyate to past continuous was performing) (indeed, truly; (transforms present tense to past))

• सह (saha) - along with (with, accompanied by)

• उमया (umayā) - with Uma (Parvati) (by Uma, with Uma)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Skanda, the designated commander) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun

नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the gods) (to us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Variant form for dative or genitive plural

सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - commander (referring to Skanda) (commander of an army, general)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of senāpati

senāpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

देव (deva) - O Lord (addressing Shiva) (god, divine being, lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine being, lord

Root: div (class 4)

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - designated, bestowed (referring to the designation of Skanda as commander) (given, bestowed, assigned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, bestowed, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dā (to give) with -ta suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agrees with yaḥ (Skanda)

भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the revered Lord (Brahma) (by the revered one, by the divine lord)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, holy, revered; a god, the Lord

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time

सः (saḥ) - that very person (referring to Shiva) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Shiva

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, ascetic practice, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

परमास्थाय (paramāsthāya) - having undertaken the highest (austerity) (having firmly undertaken, having resorted to the highest)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā and parama as a qualifier, ending in -ya suffix for absolutives with prefixes

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āsthāya)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• āsthāya – having resorted to, having taken up, having undertaken
  indeclinable
  absolutive
  Absolutive form of root sthā with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating a prior action

तप्यते (tapyate) - was performing penance (performs penance, is heated, suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

present, middle voice

Root tap (class 4) in present tense, middle voice, third person singular

Root: tap (class 4)

Note: Used with sma to indicate past continuous action.

स्म (sma) - (transforms present tapyate to past continuous was performing) (indeed, truly; (transforms present tense to past))

(indeclinable)

Note: Historical present particle

सह (saha) - along with (with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

उमया (umayā) - with Uma (Parvati) (by Uma, with Uma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Uma (name of Parvati, Shiva's consort)

Note: Governed by saha

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