वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-36, verse-1

तप्यमाने तपो देवे देवाः सर्षिगणाः पुरा ।
सेनापतिमभीप्सन्तः पितामहमुपागमन् ॥१॥

1. tapyamāne tapo deve devāḥ sarṣigaṇāḥ purā ,
senāpatimabhīpsantaḥ pitāmahamupāgaman.

1. tapyumāne tapaḥ deve devāḥ saṛṣigaṇāḥ purā
senāpatim abhīpsantaḥ pitāmaham upāgaman

1. Long ago, while the god (Śiva) was performing severe penance (tapas), the gods, accompanied by hosts of sages, desiring a commander-in-chief, approached Pitāmaha (Brahmā).

Words meanings summery:

• तप्युमाने (tapyumāne) - while performing penance, while undergoing austerity

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

• देवे (deve) - by the god (Śiva) (by the god, when the god)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

• सऋषिगणाः (saṛṣigaṇāḥ) - along with the hosts of sages, with the groups of rishis

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago

• सेनापतिम् (senāpatim) - a commander-in-chief, general

• अभीप्सन्तः (abhīpsantaḥ) - desiring, wishing for

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - to Pitāmaha (Brahmā), the grandfather

• उपागमन् (upāgaman) - they approached

Words meanings and morphology

तप्युमाने (tapyumāne) - while performing penance, while undergoing austerity

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - performing penance, undergoing austerity, being heated

Present Passive Participle

formed from root 'tap' (causative) with suffix '-māna'

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'deve'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, spiritual discipline, heat

Note: Object of the action 'tapyāmane'.

देवे (deve) - by the god (Śiva) (by the god, when the god)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Locative absolute construction.

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Subject of 'upāgaman'.

सऋषिगणाः (saṛṣigaṇāḥ) - along with the hosts of sages, with the groups of rishis

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṛṣigaṇa

saṛṣigaṇa - with the hosts of sages

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+ṛṣi+gaṇa)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, long ago

(indeclinable)

सेनापतिम् (senāpatim) - a commander-in-chief, general

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of senāpati

senāpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhīpsantaḥ'.

अभीप्सन्तः (abhīpsantaḥ) - desiring, wishing for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhīpsat

abhīpsat - desiring, wishing for

Present Active Participle

formed from root 'āp' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'iṣ' (desiderative of āp) and suffix '-śatṛ'

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - to Pitāmaha (Brahmā), the grandfather

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahmā (Pitāmaha)

Note: Object of 'upāgaman'.

उपागमन् (upāgaman) - they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

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