मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-5, verse-14
धर्मेण तेजसा त्यक्तं बलहीनमरूपिणम् ।
ज्ञात्वा सुरेशं दैतेयास्तज्जये चक्रुरुद्यमम् ॥१४॥
ज्ञात्वा सुरेशं दैतेयास्तज्जये चक्रुरुद्यमम् ॥१४॥
14. dharmeṇa tejasā tyaktaṃ balahīnamarūpiṇam .
jñātvā sureśaṃ daiteyāstajjaye cakrurudyamam.
jñātvā sureśaṃ daiteyāstajjaye cakrurudyamam.
14.
dharmeṇa tejasā tyaktam balahīnam arūpiṇam
jñātwā sureśam daiteyāḥ tat-jaye cakruḥ udyamam
jñātwā sureśam daiteyāḥ tat-jaye cakruḥ udyamam
14.
Realizing that the lord of gods (Indra) was abandoned by his intrinsic nature (dharma) and splendor, devoid of strength, and formless, the Daityas made an effort to conquer him.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by his inherent righteousness or power (by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by virtue)
- तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, by radiance, by power
- त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, deprived
- बलहीनम् (balahīnam) - devoid of strength, weak
- अरूपिणम् (arūpiṇam) - formless, without beauty
- ज्ञात्wआ (jñātwā) - having known, having realized
- सुरेशम् (sureśam) - lord of gods, Indra
- दैतेयाः (daiteyāḥ) - the Daityas (demons)
- तत्-जये (tat-jaye) - in his conquest, for his defeat
- चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - made, did
- उद्यमम् (udyamam) - effort, endeavor
Words meanings and morphology
धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by his inherent righteousness or power (by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by virtue)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, merit (dharma)
Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Agent of 'tyaktam'.
तेजसा (tejasā) - by splendor, by radiance, by power
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas
tejas - splendor, radiance, power, energy, spiritual energy
Root: tij (class 4)
Note: Agent of 'tyaktam'.
त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, deprived
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tyakta
tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, given up, left
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon, forsake).
Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'sureśam'.
बलहीनम् (balahīnam) - devoid of strength, weak
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of balahīna
balahīna - devoid of strength, weak, powerless
Compound of 'bala' (strength) and 'hīna' (lacking, devoid of).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+hīna)
- bala – strength, power, force (bala)
noun (neuter) - hīna – lacking, devoid of, abandoned
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, lose).
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with 'sureśam'.
अरूपिणम् (arūpiṇam) - formless, without beauty
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of arūpin
arūpin - formless, shapeless, without beauty, ugly
Negative compound 'a' + 'rūpin' (having form/beauty).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rūpin)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - rūpin – having form, beautiful, embodied
adjective (masculine)
Derived from 'rūpa' (form) with suffix '-in'.
Note: Agrees with 'sureśam'.
ज्ञात्wआ (jñātwā) - having known, having realized
(indeclinable)
Absolutive / Gerund
Derived from root 'jñā' (to know, understand).
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Modifies the subject 'daiteyāḥ'.
सुरेशम् (sureśam) - lord of gods, Indra
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sureśa
sureśa - lord of gods, Indra
Compound of 'sura' (god) and 'īśa' (lord).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+īśa)
- sura – god, deity
noun (masculine) - īśa – lord, master, ruler
noun (masculine)
From root 'īś' (to rule, to be master of).
Root: īś (class 2)
Note: Object of 'jñātwā'.
दैतेयाः (daiteyāḥ) - the Daityas (demons)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of daiteya
daiteya - son of Diti, a demon, Daitya
Patronymic from 'diti'. Plural refers to the class of demons.
Note: Subject of 'cakruḥ'.
तत्-जये (tat-jaye) - in his conquest, for his defeat
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of taj-jaya
taj-jaya - his conquest, his victory
Compound of 'tad' (that, his) and 'jaya' (victory, conquest). 'tat' here refers to Indra.
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tad+jaya)
- tad – that, his
pronoun (neuter)
Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative, here functioning as a possessive pronoun within the compound. - jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
noun (masculine)
Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer, win).
Root: ji (class 1)
चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - made, did
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of kṛ
Perfect, 3rd person plural active
Reduplicated perfect form of root 'kṛ'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
उद्यमम् (udyamam) - effort, endeavor
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of udyama
udyama - effort, exertion, endeavor, enterprise
Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, strive) with prefix 'ud'.
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Direct object of 'cakruḥ'.