मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-5, verse-12
अहल्याञ्च यदा शक्रो गौतमं रूपमास्थितः ।
धर्षयामास देवेन्द्रस्तदा रूपमहीयत ॥१२॥
धर्षयामास देवेन्द्रस्तदा रूपमहीयत ॥१२॥
12. ahalyāñca yadā śakro gautamaṃ rūpamāsthitaḥ .
dharṣayāmāsa devendrastadā rūpamahīyata.
dharṣayāmāsa devendrastadā rūpamahīyata.
12.
ahalyām ca yadā śakraḥ gautamam rūpam āsthitaḥ
dharṣayāmāsa dewendraḥ tadā rūpam ahīyata
dharṣayāmāsa dewendraḥ tadā rūpam ahīyata
12.
And when Indra, having assumed the form of Gautama, violated Ahalya, then the chief of gods (Indra) lost his radiant form.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहल्याम् (ahalyām) - Ahalya
- च (ca) - and, also
- यदा (yadā) - when
- शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra
- गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama's
- रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance
- आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having assumed, having adopted
- धर्षयामास (dharṣayāmāsa) - violated, molested
- देwएन्द्रः (dewendraḥ) - Indra, chief of gods
- तदा (tadā) - then, at that time
- रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty
- अहीयत (ahīyata) - was lost, was abandoned, was deprived
Words meanings and morphology
अहल्याम् (ahalyām) - Ahalya
(proper noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of ahalyā
ahalyā - Ahalya (name of a female sage, wife of Gautama)
Note: Direct object of 'dharṣayāmāsa'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
यदा (yadā) - when
(indeclinable)
Temporal adverb.
शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra
śakra - Indra, powerful, capable
Name of the chief of gods.
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: Subject of 'dharṣayāmāsa'.
गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama's
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of gautama
gautama - Gautama (name of a sage, husband of Ahalya)
Name of a famous sage.
Note: Agrees with 'rūpam'.
रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa
rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty
Root: rūp (class 10)
Note: Direct object of 'āsthitaḥ'.
आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having assumed, having adopted
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita
āsthita - assumed, adopted, situated in, established
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand, to be, to assume) with prefix 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Functions as an adjective qualifying 'śakraḥ'.
धर्षयामास (dharṣayāmāsa) - violated, molested
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of dharṣaya
Periphrastic Perfect, 3rd person singular active
Causative root 'dharṣay' (from 'dhṛṣ') combined with periphrastic perfect auxiliary 'āmāsa' (from 'as').
Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
देwएन्द्रः (dewendraḥ) - Indra, chief of gods
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dewendra
dewendra - chief of gods, Indra
Compound of 'dewa' (god) and 'indra' (chief, lord), referring to Indra.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dewa+indra)
- dewa – god, divine being
noun (masculine) - indra – chief, lord, Indra
proper noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'ahīyata'.
तदा (tadā) - then, at that time
(indeclinable)
Temporal adverb.
रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa
rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty
Root: rūp (class 10)
Note: Subject of 'ahīyata'.
अहीयत (ahīyata) - was lost, was abandoned, was deprived
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of hā
Imperfect, 3rd person singular passive (or middle)
Root 'hā' (to abandon, lose), with augment 'a-' and passive ending. The 'ī' is the weak form of the root 'hā'.
Root: hā (class 3)