महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-13, verse-23

अथार्जुनं स्वे परिवार्य सैनिकाः पुरंदरं देवगणा इवाब्रुवन् ।
अभैष्म यस्मान्मरणादिव प्रजाः स वीर दिष्ट्या निहतस्त्वया रिपुः ॥२३॥

23. athārjunaṁ sve parivārya sainikāḥ; puraṁdaraṁ devagaṇā ivābruvan ,
abhaiṣma yasmānmaraṇādiva prajāḥ; sa vīra diṣṭyā nihatastvayā ripuḥ.

23. atha arjunam sve parivārya sainikāḥ
purandaram devagaṇāḥ iva abruvan
abhaiṣma yasmāt maraṇāt iva prajāḥ
saḥ vīra diṣṭyā nihataḥ tvayā ripuḥ

23. atha sve sainikāḥ arjunam parivārya devagaṇāḥ purandaram iva abruvan vīra,
yasmāt prajāḥ maraṇāt iva abhaiṣma,
saḥ ripuḥ tvayā diṣṭyā nihataḥ.

23. Then, his own soldiers, having surrounded Arjuna, spoke to him as the hosts of gods would speak to Purandara (Indra): "O hero, we feared him like people fear death, but fortunately, that enemy has been killed by you."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and, thus)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (accusative))

• स्वे (sve) - his own (soldiers) (his own (plural))

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers (of Arjuna's army) (soldiers)

• पुरन्दरम् (purandaram) - Purandara (the god Indra) (Purandara (a name for Indra), destroyer of cities)

• देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods (hosts of gods, groups of deities)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

• अभैष्म (abhaiṣma) - we feared

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (referring to the enemy) (from whom, because of whom)

• मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (people, subjects, offspring)

• सः (saḥ) - that (enemy) (that, he)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative) (O hero, brave man)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately (fortunately, by luck)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy (enemy, foe)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and, thus)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a hero); white, clear, silver

स्वे (sve) - his own (soldiers) (his own (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own; self; wealth, property

Note: Often used as an adjective meaning 'one's own'. Here, agreeing with sainikāḥ.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from √vṛ 'to cover, surround' with upasarga pari- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers (of Arjuna's army) (soldiers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, warrior

Derived from senā (army) + ṭhak (Pāṇini 4.2.115)

पुरन्दरम् (purandaram) - Purandara (the god Indra) (Purandara (a name for Indra), destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities; an epithet of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – rending, splitting, destroying
  noun (masculine)
  from √dṛ (to tear, split)
  Root: dṛ (class 9)

देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods (hosts of gods, groups of deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - host of gods, group of deities

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, collection
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect past active

3rd person plural, augment 'a' prefix, past tense

Root: brū (class 2)

अभैष्म (abhaiṣma) - we feared

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhī

aorist active

1st person plural, augment 'a' prefix, past tense (aorist)

Root: bhī (class 3)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (referring to the enemy) (from whom, because of whom)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

from √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creatures

सः (saḥ) - that (enemy) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative) (O hero, brave man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately (fortunately, by luck)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of diṣṭi

diṣṭi - luck, fortune, fate, destiny

Note: Often used as an adverb meaning 'fortunately'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han 'to strike, kill' with upasarga ni- and suffix -kta (Pāṇini 3.2.102)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, adversary