महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-13, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अथोत्तरेण पाण्डूनां सेनायां ध्वनिरुत्थितः ।
रथनागाश्वपत्तीनां दण्डधारेण वध्यताम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
athottareṇa pāṇḍūnāṁ senāyāṁ dhvanirutthitaḥ ,
rathanāgāśvapattīnāṁ daṇḍadhāreṇa vadhyatām.

1. saṃjaya uvāca | atha uttareṇa pāṇḍūnām senāyām dhvaniḥ
utthitaḥ | ratha-nāga-aśva-pattīnām daṇḍadhāreṇa vadhyatām

1. Saṃjaya uvāca.
atha uttareṇa pāṇḍūnām senāyām,
daṇḍadhāreṇa ratha-nāga-aśva-pattīnām vadhyatām (sati),
dhvaniḥ utthitaḥ.

1. Saṃjaya said: Then, to the north, a tremendous sound arose in the army of the Pāṇḍavas, as chariots, elephants, horses, and foot soldiers were being killed by Yama, the wielder of the rod.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• उत्तरेण (uttareṇa) - to the north (to the north, in the northern direction)

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• सेनायाम् (senāyām) - in the army (in the army, in the host)

• ध्वनिः (dhvaniḥ) - a tremendous sound (sound, noise, roar)

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - arose (arisen, stood up, produced)

• रथ-नाग-अश्व-पत्तीनाम् (ratha-nāga-aśva-pattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot soldiers

• दण्डधारेण (daṇḍadhāreṇa) - by Yama, the wielder of the rod (by the wielder of the rod (Yama))

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - as they were being killed (of being killed, when they were being killed)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name), victory, conquering

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root `vac` (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Finite verb.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उत्तरेण (uttareṇa) - to the north (to the north, in the northern direction)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, subsequent, later, answer

From `ud-tṛ` (to cross over, go up).

Prefix: ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb of direction.

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king), pale, yellowish

Here refers to the sons/descendants of King Pāṇḍu.

Note: Modifies `senāyām`.

सेनायाम् (senāyām) - in the army (in the army, in the host)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, battle array

Root: si (class 10)

Note: Indicates location.

ध्वनिः (dhvaniḥ) - a tremendous sound (sound, noise, roar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhvani

dhvani - sound, noise, roar, echo

From root `dhvan` (to sound).

Root: dhvan (class 1)

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - arose (arisen, stood up, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, stood up, emerged, produced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ud` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicate for `dhvaniḥ`.

रथ-नाग-अश्व-पत्तीनाम् (ratha-nāga-aśva-pattīnām) - of chariots, elephants, horses, and foot soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha-nāga-aśva-patti

ratha-nāga-aśva-patti - chariots, elephants, horses, and foot soldiers (as components of an army)

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+nāga+aśva+patti)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• patti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Forms part of a genitive absolute construction with `vadhyatām`.

दण्डधारेण (daṇḍadhāreṇa) - by Yama, the wielder of the rod (by the wielder of the rod (Yama))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍadhāra

daṇḍadhāra - wielder of a rod/staff (epithet of Yama, the god of death)

From `daṇḍa` (staff, rod, punishment) + `dhāra` (holding, bearing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+dhāra)

• daṇḍa – staff, rod, punishment, power
  noun (masculine)
• dhāra – holding, bearing, supporter
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action `vadhyatām`.

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - as they were being killed (of being killed, when they were being killed)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, killable, to be struck

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root `vadh` (to strike, kill) with suffix `yat`.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: It's the genitive plural of a nominalized form of the gerundive (`vadhya`), functioning in a genitive absolute construction to express "during the killing of".