महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-13, verse-22

गजा रथाश्वाः पुरुषाश्च संघशः परस्परघ्नाः परिपेतुराहवे ।
परस्परप्रस्खलिताः समाहता भृशं च तत्तत्कुलभाषिणो हताः ॥२२॥

22. gajā rathāśvāḥ puruṣāśca saṁghaśaḥ; parasparaghnāḥ paripeturāhave ,
parasparapraskhalitāḥ samāhatā; bhṛśaṁ ca tattatkulabhāṣiṇo hatāḥ.

22. gajāḥ rathāśvāḥ puruṣāḥ ca saṃghaśaḥ
parasparaghnāḥ paripetuḥ āhave
| parasparapraskhalitāḥ samāhatāḥ
bhṛśam ca tattatkulabhāṣiṇaḥ hatāḥ

22. āhave gajāḥ rathāśvāḥ puruṣāḥ ca
saṃghaśaḥ परस्परघ्नाः paripetuḥ
परस्परप्रस्खलिताः samāhatāḥ
ca tattatkulabhāṣiṇaḥ bhṛśam hatāḥ

22. Elephants, chariots, horses, and men, in throngs, striking each other, scattered in battle. Stumbling over one another and thoroughly struck down, they were killed in great numbers, uttering their respective clan names.

Words meanings summery:

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• रथाश्वाः (rathāśvāḥ) - chariots and horses

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons, human beings

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in crowds, in throngs

• परस्परघ्नाः (parasparaghnāḥ) - striking each other, mutually destructive

• परिपेतुः (paripetuḥ) - scattered, fled, fell around

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in an oblation)

• परस्परप्रस्खलिताः (parasparapraskhalitāḥ) - stumbling over each other, mutually tripped

• समाहताः (samāhatāḥ) - thoroughly struck, utterly smitten, killed

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, severely

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तत्तत्कुलभाषिणः (tattatkulabhāṣiṇaḥ) - speaking their respective family names, uttering their clan names

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck

Words meanings and morphology

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

रथाश्वाः (rathāśvāḥ) - chariots and horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathāśva

rathāśva - chariots and horses

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+aśva)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, male, a cosmic person (puruṣa)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in crowds, in throngs

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-śas' indicating 'in groups of'

परस्परघ्नाः (parasparaghnāḥ) - striking each other, mutually destructive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parasparaghna

parasparaghna - striking each other, mutually destructive, reciprocal killer

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (paraspara+ghna)

• paraspara – mutual, reciprocal, each other
  indeclinable
• ghna – killing, destroying, killer
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'han'
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ', 'rathāśvāḥ', 'puruṣāḥ'

परिपेतुः (paripetuḥ) - scattered, fled, fell around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pari-pat

Prefix: pari

Root: pat (class 1)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in an oblation)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, fight, conflict, oblation

परस्परप्रस्खलिताः (parasparapraskhalitāḥ) - stumbling over each other, mutually tripped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parasparapraskhalita

parasparapraskhalita - stumbling over each other, mutually tripped

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+praskhalita)

• paraspara – mutual, reciprocal, each other
  indeclinable
• praskhalita – stumbled, slipped, fallen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'skhal' with upasarga 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: skhal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ', 'rathāśvāḥ', 'puruṣāḥ'

समाहताः (samāhatāḥ) - thoroughly struck, utterly smitten, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāhata

samāhata - struck, hit, smitten, killed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'han' with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sam+āhata)

• sam – together, thoroughly, completely
  indeclinable
• āhata – struck, hit, smitten
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'han' with upasarga 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ', 'rathāśvāḥ', 'puruṣāḥ'

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, severely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

तत्तत्कुलभाषिणः (tattatkulabhāṣiṇaḥ) - speaking their respective family names, uttering their clan names

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tattatkulabhāṣin

tattatkulabhāṣin - speaking their respective family names, uttering their clan names

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+tad+kula+bhāṣin)

• tad – that, it (repeated to imply 'respective')
  pronoun
• tad – that, it (repeated to imply 'respective')
  pronoun
• kula – family, clan, race
  noun (neuter)
• bhāṣin – speaking, talking, saying
  agent noun
  Agent noun from root 'bhāṣ'
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ', 'rathāśvāḥ', 'puruṣāḥ'

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, smitten

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ', 'rathāśvāḥ', 'puruṣāḥ'