महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-13, verse-15

स वेदनार्तोऽम्बुदनिस्वनो नदंश्चलन्भ्रमन्प्रस्खलितोऽऽतुरो द्रवन् ।
पपात रुग्णः सनियन्तृकस्तथा यथा गिरिर्वज्रनिपातचूर्णितः ॥१५॥

15. sa vedanārto'mbudanisvano nadaṁ;ścalanbhramanpraskhalito''turo dravan ,
papāta rugṇaḥ saniyantṛkastathā; yathā girirvajranipātacūrṇitaḥ.

15. saḥ vedanārtaḥ ambudanisvanaḥ nadan
ca calan bhraman praskhalitaḥ āturaḥ
dravan papāta rugṇaḥ saniyantṛkaḥ
tathā yathā giriḥ vajranipātacūrṇitaḥ

15. saḥ vedanārtaḥ ambudanisvanaḥ nadan
ca calan bhraman praskhalitaḥ āturaḥ
dravan rugṇaḥ saniyantṛkaḥ tathā
papāta yathā giriḥ vajranipātacūrṇitaḥ

15. He, afflicted by pain, roaring like thunder, moving erratically, reeling, stumbling, distressed, and rushing, fell down, wounded, along with his charioteer, just like a mountain shattered by the strike of a thunderbolt.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वेदनार्तः (vedanārtaḥ) - afflicted by pain, suffering from pain

• अम्बुदनिस्वनः (ambudanisvanaḥ) - having the roar of a cloud, thundering like a cloud

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

• च (ca) - and, also

• चलन् (calan) - moving, shaking, staggering

• भ्रमन् (bhraman) - wandering, reeling, revolving

• प्रस्खलितः (praskhalitaḥ) - stumbled, slipped, fallen

• आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distressed, sick, suffering

• द्रवन् (dravan) - running, flowing

• पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped down

• रुग्णः (rugṇaḥ) - wounded, sick, broken

• सनियन्तृकः (saniyantṛkaḥ) - with a charioteer

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain, hill

• वज्रनिपातचूर्णितः (vajranipātacūrṇitaḥ) - shattered by the strike of a thunderbolt

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वेदनार्तः (vedanārtaḥ) - afflicted by pain, suffering from pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedanārta

vedanārta - afflicted by pain

Compound type : tatpurusha (vedanā+ārta)

• vedanā – pain, sensation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 6)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā' or directly from 'ārt' (to pain)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

अम्बुदनिस्वनः (ambudanisvanaḥ) - having the roar of a cloud, thundering like a cloud

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambudanisvana

ambudanisvana - having the sound/roar of a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambuda+nisvana)

• ambuda – cloud (giver of water)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ambu
  Root: ud (class 2)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding, making noise

Present Active Participle

From root 'nad' (to sound, roar), present active participle

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चलन् (calan) - moving, shaking, staggering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of calat

calat - moving, shaking, wavering

Present Active Participle

From root 'cal' (to move), present active participle

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

भ्रमन् (bhraman) - wandering, reeling, revolving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhramat

bhramat - wandering, moving about, reeling

Present Active Participle

From root 'bhram' (to wander, roam), present active participle

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

प्रस्खलितः (praskhalitaḥ) - stumbled, slipped, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praskhalita

praskhalita - stumbled, slipped, fallen, erred

Past Passive Participle

From root 'skhal' (to stumble, slip) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: skhal (class 1)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distressed, sick, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - distressed, sick, suffering, anxious

द्रवन् (dravan) - running, flowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dravat

dravat - running, flowing, hastening

Present Active Participle

From root 'dru' (to run, flow), present active participle

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect (lit)

3rd person singular Perfect active of root 'pat'

Root: pat (class 1)

रुग्णः (rugṇaḥ) - wounded, sick, broken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rugṇa

rugṇa - wounded, sick, broken, diseased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ruj' (to break, pain), past passive participle

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Used here as a verbal adjective describing the subject.

सनियन्तृकः (saniyantṛkaḥ) - with a charioteer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saniyantṛka

saniyantṛka - accompanied by a charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+niyantṛka)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• niyantṛka – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'niyantṛ' (regulator, charioteer) with suffix 'ka'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill, rock

Root: gṝ (class 6)

वज्रनिपातचूर्णितः (vajranipātacūrṇitaḥ) - shattered by the strike of a thunderbolt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajranipātacūrṇita

vajranipātacūrṇita - crushed/shattered by the falling/strike of a thunderbolt

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+nipāta+cūrṇita)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• nipāta – falling, striking, blow
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: pat (class 1)
• cūrṇita – crushed, powdered, shattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'cūrṇ' (to grind, powder)
  Root: cūrṇ (class 10)