महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-72, verse-23

अथ वा पाण्डवार्थाय देवास्तत्र समागताः ।
युध्यन्ते मामकं सैन्यं यदवध्यन्त संजय ॥२३॥

23. atha vā pāṇḍavārthāya devāstatra samāgatāḥ ,
yudhyante māmakaṁ sainyaṁ yadavadhyanta saṁjaya.

23. atha vā pāṇḍavārthāya devāḥ tatra samāgatāḥ
yudhyante māmakam sainyam yat avadhyanta saṃjaya

23. saṃjaya atha vā devāḥ tatra pāṇḍavārthāya
samāgatāḥ māmakam sainyam yudhyante yat avadhyanta

23. Or else, O Saṃjaya, perhaps the gods have assembled there for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas, and they are fighting my army, on account of which my forces were slain.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, moreover, now

• वा (vā) - or else (or, either...or)

• पाण्डवार्थाय (pāṇḍavārthāya) - for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - have assembled (assembled, arrived, come together)

• युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight, are fighting

• मामकम् (māmakam) - my, mine, belonging to me

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, forces

• यत् (yat) - on account of which, which is why (that which, because, since, whereby)

• अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - my forces were slain (they were slain, they were killed)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, moreover, now

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or else (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवार्थाय (pāṇḍavārthāya) - for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavārtha

pāṇḍavārtha - sake of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound: Pāṇḍava (the Pāṇḍavas) + artha (purpose, sake)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+artha)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates purpose

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root 'div' (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'samāgatāḥ' and 'yudhyante'

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - have assembled (assembled, arrived, come together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, arrived, come together, met

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'gam' (to go) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā' + suffix 'kta'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'

युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight, are fighting

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Present Tense, Middle Voice (ātmanepada)

Root 'yudh' (to fight), class 4, Middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'devāḥ'

मामकम् (māmakam) - my, mine, belonging to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me

Derived from 'mama' (my, mine)

Note: Qualifies 'sainyam'

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, forces

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, forces, military

Derived from 'senā' (army)

Note: Object of 'yudhyante'

यत् (yat) - on account of which, which is why (that which, because, since, whereby)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - that which, what, because, since

Relative pronoun (neuter singular nominative/accusative)

Note: Connects the clauses, indicating the reason for the army's destruction.

अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - my forces were slain (they were slain, they were killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of vadh

Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice

Root 'han' (to strike, kill), passive form 'vadhyate' in present, 'avadhyanta' in imperfect. Augment 'a' + 'vadhya' + ātmanepada ending for 3rd plural imperfect.

Root: han (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)