महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-3, verse-9

कथं प्रणिपतेच्चायमिह कृत्वा पणं परम् ।
वनवासाद्विमुक्तस्तु प्राप्तः पैतामहं पदम् ॥९॥

9. kathaṁ praṇipateccāyamiha kṛtvā paṇaṁ param ,
vanavāsādvimuktastu prāptaḥ paitāmahaṁ padam.

9. katham praṇipatet ca ayam iha kṛtvā paṇam param
vanavāsāt vimuktaḥ tu prāptaḥ paitāmaham padam

9. Having made such a great wager here, how can he (Yudhishthira) bow down? Indeed, he has been released from forest exile and has attained his ancestral position.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• प्रणिपतेत् (praṇipatet) - he should bow down, he should prostrate

• च (ca) - and, also

• अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

• इह (iha) - here, in this world/situation

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done

• पणम् (paṇam) - a wager, a stake

• परम् (param) - a great wager (great, supreme, another)

• वनवासात् (vanavāsāt) - from forest exile

• विमुक्तः (vimuktaḥ) - freed, released

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, received, reached

• पैतामहम् (paitāmaham) - ancestral, relating to the grandfather

• पदम् (padam) - state, position, abode

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

प्रणिपतेत् (praṇipatet) - he should bow down, he should prostrate

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pat

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इह (iha) - here, in this world/situation

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पणम् (paṇam) - a wager, a stake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paṇa

paṇa - wager, stake, pledge, price, coin

परम् (param) - a great wager (great, supreme, another)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant, excellent

वनवासात् (vanavāsāt) - from forest exile

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - residence in a forest, forest-dwelling, forest exile

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)

विमुक्तः (vimuktaḥ) - freed, released

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimukta

vimukta - freed, liberated, released, delivered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muc (to release) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, received, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain, reach) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पैतामहम् (paitāmaham) - ancestral, relating to the grandfather

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paitāmaha

paitāmaha - ancestral, belonging to the grandfather (pitāmaha)

Derived from pitāmaha (grandfather).

पदम् (padam) - state, position, abode

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, place, position, state, abode