महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-3, verse-11

कथं च धर्मयुक्तास्ते न च राज्यं जिहीर्षवः ।
निवृत्तवासान्कौन्तेयान्य आहुर्विदिता इति ॥११॥

11. kathaṁ ca dharmayuktāste na ca rājyaṁ jihīrṣavaḥ ,
nivṛttavāsānkaunteyānya āhurviditā iti.

11. kathaṃ ca dharma-yuktāḥ te na ca rājyaṃ jihīrṣavaḥ
nivṛtta-vāsān kaunteyān yaḥ āhuḥ viditāḥ iti

11. How can they (the Pandavas) be dedicated to natural law (dharma) and yet not wish to reclaim the kingdom? Furthermore, how can (we accept) the statement of those who declare that the Kaunteyas, having abandoned their residences, are (now) known (to be dispossessed)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - How?

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्म-युक्ताः (dharma-yuktāḥ) - dedicated to natural law (dharma) (endowed with dharma, righteous, adhering to natural law)

• ते (te) - (the Pandavas) (they, those)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, sovereignty

• जिहीर्षवः (jihīrṣavaḥ) - wishing to reclaim (the kingdom) (desirous of seizing, wishing to take away)

• निवृत्त-वासान् (nivṛtta-vāsān) - who have abandoned their residences (whose dwellings have ceased, who have abandoned their homes)

• कौन्तेयान् (kaunteyān) - the Kaunteyas (the Pandavas) (the sons of Kunti (Pandavas))

• यः (yaḥ) - those who (implying a plural referent for the singular form) (who, which)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• विदिताः (viditāḥ) - (now) known (to be dispossessed or weak) (known, understood)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - How?

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्म-युक्ताः (dharma-yuktāḥ) - dedicated to natural law (dharma) (endowed with dharma, righteous, adhering to natural law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma-yukta

dharma-yukta - connected with dharma, endowed with dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+yukta)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yukta – joined, united, endowed with, engaged, proper, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

ते (te) - (the Pandavas) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यं (rājyaṁ) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, dominion, sovereignty

जिहीर्षवः (jihīrṣavaḥ) - wishing to reclaim (the kingdom) (desirous of seizing, wishing to take away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jihīrṣu

jihīrṣu - desirous of seizing, wishing to take away, intending to remove

Desiderative Agent Noun

Derived from the desiderative stem of root hṛ (to take, seize)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

निवृत्त-वासान् (nivṛtta-vāsān) - who have abandoned their residences (whose dwellings have ceased, who have abandoned their homes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta-vāsa

nivṛtta-vāsa - whose dwelling has ceased, who has abandoned his home

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nivṛtta+vāsa)

• nivṛtta – returned, ceased, abandoned, turned back
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛt with upasarga ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode, house
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

कौन्तेयान् (kaunteyān) - the Kaunteyas (the Pandavas) (the sons of Kunti (Pandavas))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

patronymic from Kuntī

यः (yaḥ) - those who (implying a plural referent for the singular form) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Indicative

Irregular perfect forms are used for present tense, often listed under root vac or brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

विदिताः (viditāḥ) - (now) known (to be dispossessed or weak) (known, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidita

vidita - known, understood, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)