महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-3, verse-21

नाधर्मो विद्यते कश्चिच्छत्रून्हत्वाततायिनः ।
अधर्म्यमयशस्यं च शात्रवाणां प्रयाचनम् ॥२१॥

21. nādharmo vidyate kaścicchatrūnhatvātatāyinaḥ ,
adharmyamayaśasyaṁ ca śātravāṇāṁ prayācanam.

21. na adharmaḥ vidyate kaścit śatrūn hatvā ātatāyinaḥ
adharmyam ayaśasyam ca śātravāṇām prayācanam

21. There is no unrighteousness (adharma) whatsoever in killing aggressor enemies. However, begging from enemies is unrighteous (adharma) and inglorious.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law (dharma))

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (is, exists, is found)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (anyone, anything, some)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

• आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - aggressor (enemies) (aggressors, assaulters)

• अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous (adharma) (unrighteous, unjust, unlawful)

• अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - inglorious (inglorious, dishonorable, disreputable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शात्रवाणाम् (śātravāṇām) - of the enemies (of the enemies, pertaining to enemies)

• प्रयाचनम् (prayācanam) - begging (from enemies) (begging, entreaty, supplication)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, impiety, violation of duty, injustice

a (not) + dharma (righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of `vidyate`.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (is, exists, is found)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

From root vid 'to be, to exist' (class 4).

Root: vid (class 4)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (anyone, anything, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, anything, someone, something, a certain

Formed from interrogative pronoun kim + indeclinable cit.

Note: Qualifies `adharmaḥ`.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 1)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root han + suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Action performed before the main implied verb.

आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - aggressor (enemies) (aggressors, assaulters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātatāyin

ātatāyin - an aggressor, assaulter, assassin; one who comes with a drawn bow

agent noun

Formed from prefix ā- + root tan + suffix -in.

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: This is a significant term in legal/ethical discourse regarding justified killing.

अधर्म्यम् (adharmyam) - unrighteous (adharma) (unrighteous, unjust, unlawful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adharmya

adharmya - unrighteous, unjust, contrary to duty (dharma)

a (not) + dharmya (righteous)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharmya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharmya – righteous, lawful, proper, in accordance with dharma
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from dharma

Note: Functions as predicate adjective to `prayācanam`.

अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - inglorious (inglorious, dishonorable, disreputable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayaśasya

ayaśasya - inglorious, dishonorable, ignominious

a (not) + yaśasya (glorious)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yaśasya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• yaśasya – glorious, famous, renowned
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from yaśas 'fame, glory'

Note: Functions as predicate adjective to `prayācanam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `adharmyam` and `ayaśasyam`.

शात्रवाणाम् (śātravāṇām) - of the enemies (of the enemies, pertaining to enemies)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śātrava

śātrava - hostile, inimical, relating to an enemy, an enemy

Derived from śatru (enemy).

Note: Qualifies `prayācanam`.

प्रयाचनम् (prayācanam) - begging (from enemies) (begging, entreaty, supplication)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prayācana

prayācana - begging, asking for, soliciting, entreaty

Formed from pra- + root yāc + ana.

Prefix: pra

Root: yāc (class 1)